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Chromate conversion coatings are relied upon to ensure the long-term corrosion performance and surface electrical properties of aluminum alloys, as well as to improve the bond strength and adhesive properties of organic coatings and adhesives. Chromate based chemistries have been all but eliminated in Europe, and it is believed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will stage their elimination in the USA within the next 5 to 10 years. The development of chemistries to replace chromate has been a hot area of research for over 30 years, and now a series of commercial alternatives have become available. These new coatings differ in their chemistry and performance characteristics, as well as their functional limitations, from chromate.
Non-chromate conversion coatings compliant with MIL-DTL-55411 have been demonstrated to provide protection comparable to their chromate counterparts. Repair materials are available to address defects in bath-applied conversion coatings from most manufacturers for these products that have been approved under MIL-DTL-817062, though with significant variations in their application methodology and efficacy. In this work, repair material chemistries from three different vendors were evaluated, working towards a single application method that can be used independent of the selected chemistry. Each coating was then benchmarked against an industry standard chromate conversion coating repair material in terms of both the corrosion performance as well as the capability of each coating to maintain the ability to make low resistance electrical contact to the surface.
High-pressure steel pipeline is a common, cost-effective method for transporting CO2 from its point of capture to storage sites1. In pipeline transport systems, CO2 is mostly transported in its liquid or supercritical phase, depending on the operating pressure2,3, which requires compression of CO2 gas to a pressure above 80 bar (Figure 1) and avoid a two-phase flow regime in the steel pipelines. In the USA, the longest CO2 pipelines, which transport more than 40 MtCO2 per year from production point to sites in Texas, where the CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), operate in the “dense phase” mode and at ambient temperature and high pressure.
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Biomass-derived pyrolysis oils (bio-oils) are recognized as a renewable energy source that couldaid in the reduction of fossil fuel use. Bio-oils exhibit higher corrosivity to common ferrous alloys because the oils contain organic acids and water. A series of corrosion studies were previously performed to determine the corrosion rates of ferrous alloys exposed in bio-oils for a quantitative evaluation of the material compatibility. The key information from these previous studies is that ferrous alloys with more Cr, Ni, and Mo are needed for compatibility with bio-oils.
A Saudi Aramco facility continues to serve a vital rule in the processing and export of crude oil. This facility is one of the few facilities worldwide that is considered to be fully sufficient with different processes within its boundaries. While processing hydrocarbon throughout the day, this facility also processes utilities to serve the nearby community as well as its own oper ation. The raw water that feeds the utility process arrives from a nearby fields through the 24” supply lines. These lines provide n. the subject RO plant within the utility process with the sufficient amount of water to sustain the huge magnitude of operation.