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Optimized solutions for long service-life of concrete structures in aggressive environments. Collecting data on structures. Extracting and testing cores from selected elements. Data input to a mechanistic chloride transport model. Remediation scenarios modeled. The cost of each scenario can be compared. Case studies.
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This paper describes a bridge coating operation and maintenance manual that was developed for the City of Vancouver which operates and maintains an inventory of 33 bridges with coated steel elements.
The need for corrosion mitigation and repair is a perennial concern for a wide array of industries. An attractive evolution in coatings application for mitigating the effects of environmental/operational degradation is cold spray of metallic replacement layers. As cold spray technologies continue to become more commonplace, portable, low-pressure cold spray systems presents an opportunity to bring metallic repair to the field for heavily damaged or corroded assets.
Chromate conversion coatings are relied upon to ensure the long-term corrosion performance and surface electrical properties of aluminum alloys, as well as to improve the bond strength and adhesive properties of organic coatings and adhesives. Chromate based chemistries have been all but eliminated in Europe, and it is believed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will stage their elimination in the USA within the next 5 to 10 years. The development of chemistries to replace chromate has been a hot area of research for over 30 years, and now a series of commercial alternatives have become available. These new coatings differ in their chemistry and performance characteristics, as well as their functional limitations, from chromate.
The primary scope of this paper is to outline guidelines for cleaning, repairing, and restoring / renovating Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and non-EIFS exteriors.
Piping and pipeline are considered to be 60-70% of the oil and gas industry equipment. One of the most crucial factors to complete high quality projects within planned schedules is to focus on the quality of welding activities. Furthermore, the non-skilled welder is considered as a main parameter to produce welds with imperfections beyond the acceptable limits. Welders should have the required welding skills to perform the welding activities and produce sound welds, resulting in low weld rejection. On the other hand, poor welder’s performance produces low quality welds which affect the integrity of the welds and contribute to project delay and increase costs. This paper addresses methods to qualify welders and monitor their performance throughout the project lifecycle. The paper will study ISO 9606 approval testing of welders, American Welding Society (AWS) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Sec IX minimum requirements to qualify and certify welders. It will also illustrate the main variables that may contribute to high welding rejection rate, that are directly associated with the welders’ qualification and performance. Moreover, it will study the method of qualifying welders for different levels to properly assign welders based on load and criticality to avoid high welding rejection rate. The study shows that welders’ skill is the main parameter to produce high quality welds. Focusing on the causes of common welding defects, then educate and train the welders on the main factors causing these welding defects, will leave an influence to prevent defect recurrence
Corrosion is defined as the degradation of a material or its properties due to a reaction with the environment and is one of the most common pipeline integrity threats for operators. External corrosion may be visually inspected during excavation; however, due to accessibility, additional non-destructive examination (NDE) methods must be utilized to identify the presence and severity of internal corrosion.
Understanding the chemistry and electrical properties of how corrosion occurs aids in mitigating the presence of corrosion, specifically internal corrosion.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. This Standard Practice provides the most current technology and industry practices for material requirements and the use of tape coatings for external mainline coating, coating repair, coating rehabilitation, and coating weld joints on buried metal pipelines.
Note: This document was originally published with an error in Section H4.4, Equation (H2), page 33, Section H4.3.3 has a note added, page 33, and Figure H2, Figure H3, Figure H4, and Figure H5, pages 35-38 were enlarged to improve accuracy. These identified errors are corrected. The Errata sheet is included.
This standard practice presents guidelines for establishing requirements to ensure proper application and performance of plant-applied single-layer fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings to the external surfaces of carbon steel pipe.
This paper describes the evaluation of the Organofunctional silanes in mitigating ongoing corrosion due to chlorides or carbonation.
Laminations are manufacturing defects that result because of presence of inclusions or air during pipeline plate making. They might present a challenge in identification during ILI inspection as magnetic flux does not identify lamination because it does not have metal loss. Ultrasonic on the other hand can detect lamination, but it does not differentiate from a metal loss.