AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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The Development of Mercaptan Scavenging Test Methods and the Evaluation of Scavenger Chemistries

Product Number: 51323-18839-SG

Author: Jody Hoshowski, Alyn Jenkins, Adnan Alhammoud, Rolando Perez Pineiro

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Despite its volatility the petroleum industry is still one of the leading sectors in the world economy in terms of revenue and job creation. The global oil and gas market size reached $5,870.13 billion in 2021 and there is optimism that it will surpass that mark in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6%. To make this prediction possible it is important to ensure the continuous flow of oil and gas by implementing an efficient integrity management system to avoid pipeline failures.

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The Development of Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for High Temperature Sour Gas Environments

Product Number: 51320-14591-SG

Author: Jody Hoshowski, Paul Barnes, Rolando Perez Pineiro, Alyn Jenkins, Tore Nordvik

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Mitigating oil and gas production with chemical inhibitors is challenging when high temperature (>120°C) and H2S is present. The high temperatures associated with deep wells and thermal recovery methods demand an advancement in conventional inhibitor technologies. Traditional organic inhibitors struggle to protect carbon steel assets lending them susceptible to localized corrosion in sour environments. These environments require inhibitors with a combined thermal stability and persistency to provide uniform filming and corrosion protection.

For high temperature corrosion applications imidazoline chemistry ranks highly as a chemistry likely to be able to mitigate corrosion at elevated temperatures. However, at temperatures between 120 and 150°C performance is very system specific while over 150°C performance can be severely limited. An extensive in-house screening program was undertaken which identified a generic chemistry (pyrimidine) that exhibited the required performance characteristics up to 175°C for a variety of field applications. Based on this work, several other materials exhibited performance benefits for alternate applications, for instance high temperature, deep water applications. Laboratory testing of the novel corrosion inhibitors at high temperatures, also highlighted the limitations of corrosion test methodologies for evaluating inhibitors under extreme conditions.

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The Development of Novel Laboratory Test Method for Scale Inhibitor Evaluation in the Presence of Ferrous Iron

Product Number: 51320-14443-SG

Author: Haiping Lu, Zhenning Gu, Johnathon Brooks, Gina Beans, Stephen Heath, Daniel Bestgen, Dong Lee, Joe Penkala

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Ferrous iron is typically present in the brines of oil and gas production. Soluble iron is considered to adversely affect the performance of scale inhibitors against calcium carbonate scale. However, it is particularly difficult to prevent the oxidation of ferrous iron to form ferric iron with even trace amounts of oxygen in laboratory testing conditions. The oxide species of ferric iron have less solubility than the ferrous iron, and ferric hydroxide may adsorb scale inhibitors on its surface. Therefore, the presence of ferrous iron in laboratory testing poses a challenge for evaluating its effect on scale inhibitor performance. Recently, Kinetic Turbidity Test (KTT) has become a more recognized testing method for scale inhibitor evaluation. It is a novel laboratory test method using an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to monitor the formation of scales at various dosages of tested products as a function of reaction time. In the presence of ferrous iron, in order to keep oxygen away from the ambient environment during the test, the instrument was placed into an anaerobic chamber for maintaining low level of oxygen environment (< 1 ppm O2 in the chamber) during the testing process. This paper presents the approach to conduct KTT in the present of ferrous iron, and compares the testing data with and without ferrous irons on scale inhibitor performance by KTT and anaerobic bottle testing for both calcite and calcium sulfate inhibition. The selected inhibitor chemistries include four different types of phosphonates (Phosphonate A, B, C, and D) and five polymer inhibitors (Polymer A, B, C, D, E). Results show that KTT provides an efficient and data-driven approach for evaluating scale inhibitor performance in the presence of ferrous iron. The mechanisms of scale formation and scale inhibitor performance under the effects of iron were discussed. This paper provides insight for scale treatment chemistry and dosage in the presence of iron.

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The Development of Novel Laboratory Test Method on Evaluation of Scale Inhibition and Dispersancy for Cooling Water Applications

Product Number: 51320-14491-SG

Author: Haiping Lu, Tim Underwood, Zhenning Gu, Bingbing Gu

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Scale control is vital for cooling water operations, and evaluation of best-fit scale inhibitors for the application is essential, for the scale treatment. One of the traditional test methods for industrial water scale inhibitor screening is static bottle testing. Recently, in other industries, Kinetic Turbidity Test (KTT) has gained more acceptance for scale inhibitor evaluation. KTT uses an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to monitor scale formation at various dosages of tested products, as function of reaction time. The technology can provide minimum dosage recommendations for the treatment with selected inhibitors, and give the insight on scale formation kinetics and mechanism, under the effects of different types of scale inhibitors.

Polymer dispersancy in waters with particulates such as iron oxide and clay, is also an important characteristic to evaluate, in systems with high levels of suspended solids or fine particles. Previously(currently), this testing was conducted in bottles where the turbidity of solutions were measured by pipette transfer to a cuvette and turbidity meter, providing one data point at a certain time. Kinetic turbidity testing can continuously and simultaneously monitor and record turbidity changes with time, under the effects of various polymer dispersants and dosages. This capability provides more thorough and objective data, for scale control product evaluation.
This paper presents the approach to evaluate scale control chemistries for industrial applications by KTT, and compares the KTT test data, with bottle test results. The laboratory testing results show that KTT provides a fast and data-driven approach for evaluating performance of scale inhibitors and dispersants.

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The Development of Steel Preparation Technology

Product Number: 51220-282-SG

Author: Kenneth E. Rossy

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The intent of this presentation will be to briefly analyze the evolution of the steel surface preparation market by focusing on three common methods for steel surface preparation used today (i.e., dry abrasive blasting, wet abrasive blasting and ultra-high-pressure blasting (UHP)) and the effects of water and additives on cleanliness, degree of surface preparation, coating integrity and coating adhesion. This presentation will include test results comparing the effects and results of different forms of surface preparation and the resulting coating application characteristics.

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The Development of Sulfur Solvent/Corrosion Inhibitor Product for Extremely Aggressive Sour Environm

Product Number: 51316-7783-SG

ISBN: 7783 2016 CP

Author: Haitao Fang

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

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The Downfalls of Coating Specifications

Product Number: 41216-947-SG

Author: Laura Blechl

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Proactive solutions to avoid “the blame game” with specification responsibility.

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The Edgy Truth About Corrosion - How Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) are Redefining Edge Protection

Product Number: 51220-251-SG

Author: Joe Davis

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper will outline the results of using CNTs in liquid applied coatings, resulting in the elimination of secondary surface preparation steps such as grinding, chamfering, and rounding of edges as well as eliminating the need to apply a stripe coat. The overall impact realized from the elimination of these process steps include, increased productivity, increased throughput, improved edge coating performance, and substantial lowering of project costs.

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The Effect Of Alternate Immersion On Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior Of Steel And Nickel Alloys In Natural Seawater

Product Number: 51321-16857-SG

Author: Attilio Arcari; James P. Moran; Derek J. Horton;Edward J. Lemieux; Ryan McCoy; Theresa M. Newbauer

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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The Effect Of Build Orientation On The Corrosion Behavior Of SLM 304L Alloys

Product Number: 51321-16904-SG

Author: Ho Lun Chan; Armando Shehi; Tan Pan; Joseph Newkirk; Vilupanur A. Ravi

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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The Effect of CO2 Partial Pressure on the Formation and Protective Characteristics of Iron Carbonate Corrosion Products

Product Number: 51324-20666-SG

Author: Amber Sykes; Robert Jacklin; Danny Burkle; Richard C. Woollam; Joshua Owen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure on the rate of formation and the protective characteristics of iron carbonate (FeCO3) corrosion product layers on X65 carbon steel in aqueous systems. Autoclave corrosion tests were performed at 80 °C in CO2-saturated 3 wt.% sodium chloride solution at partial pressures from 5.5 to 15.5 bar. Linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical methods were utilized to provide insight into the stages of corrosion product layer development. Analysis of the electrochemical response under each condition revealed key, distinguishable stages associated with the development of an FeCO3 layer as its role transitions from predominantly blocking steel active sites, to ultimately providing additional corrosion suppression through formation of a diffusion barrier. It was found that at higher CO2 partial pressures, the onset of diffusion control was accelerated, but the overall corrosion rate was greater than at lower pressures.

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The Effect of Crack Start Positions on NACE TM0177 DCB Elastic Compliance

Product Number: 51319-12842-SG

Author: Jun Nakamura

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test method standardized in ANSI NACE TM0177 is increasingly applied as a quality assurance test to specify the performance of carbon and low alloy steels for sour service. The DCB test method has been modified and specified tightly from the view point of specimen geometry test environment and initial stress intensity factor controlled by arm displacement to obtain highly repeatable test results.NACE TM0177 2016 method D has various types of starter notch configurations on DCB specimens. Crack start position shifted change specimen of EDM notch has been in accordance with NACE TM0177 since 2016 and the distance from a pin hole to a crack starter has been different.Previous research the influence of crack starter position on K1SSC has been revealed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and DCB tests. In this paper in order to clarify the applicability of compliance curve in TM0177-2016 and propose the new compliance curves FEA and experimental approach was performed. K1SSC of DCB tests should be evaluated in the same crack start positions from the view point of a fracture mechanics.

Conference Papers

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Individual Conference Papers

The Development of Mercaptan Scavenging Test Methods and the Evaluation of Scavenger Chemistries

The Development of Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for High Temperature Sour Gas Environments

The Development of Novel Laboratory Test Method for Scale Inhibitor Evaluation in the Presence of Ferrous Iron

The Development of Novel Laboratory Test Method on Evaluation of Scale Inhibition and Dispersancy for Cooling Water Applications

The Development of Steel Preparation Technology

The Development of Sulfur Solvent/Corrosion Inhibitor Product for Extremely Aggressive Sour Environm

The Downfalls of Coating Specifications

The Edgy Truth About Corrosion - How Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) are Redefining Edge Protection

The Effect Of Alternate Immersion On Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior Of Steel And Nickel Alloys In Natural Seawater

The Effect Of Build Orientation On The Corrosion Behavior Of SLM 304L Alloys

The Effect of CO2 Partial Pressure on the Formation and Protective Characteristics of Iron Carbonate Corrosion Products

The Effect of Crack Start Positions on NACE TM0177 DCB Elastic Compliance

Association for Materials Protection and Performance