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Coating the Way to a Hydrogen Economy: Challenges Ahead

Product Number: MECC23-19939-SG

Author: Amal Al-Borno; Henry Pedraza; Jeffrey Rogozinski; Jigar K. Mistry

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The increasing demand for energy has brought a pressing need to reduce our reliance on regular fossil fuels as they are a primary source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The continued use of these fuels has resulted in an anthropogenic based increase in global warming, climate change, and other environmental challenges. To tackle these issues, it is essential to shift towards alternative sources of energy that are renewable and sustainable, and that can provide a pathway to stated decarbonization goals.

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Coatings To Regulate Scaling In Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51322-17547-SG

Author: Alexandre Sabard, Shiladitya Paul, Briony Holmes, Namrata Kale, Paolo Taddei Pardelli, Claretta Tempesti, Andrea Mannelli, Ural Halaçoğlu, Hakan Alp Sahiller, Raziye Şengün, Sylvie Rouge, Nadia Caney, Andri Stefansson, Per Kjellgren, , Jan Přikryl, Volkan Ediger, Gokhan Kirkil

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Geothermal Energy is currently engineered as an “always on” baseload supply, due to the limited flexibility to throttle the well without scaling and fatigue issues, and it is engineered for maximal efficiency at this output level. Scaling is a major problem in geothermal plants, particularly in cases where the geothermal fluid composition and plant operation make it difficult to control scaling. In such areas, particularly where scale inhibitors cannot be employed, the formation of scales can make the process less efficient and in extreme cases can lead to unexpected shutdown.

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Cobalt/Chromium Carbide Composite Coatings Applied By Brush Plating For Use As An Alternative To Hard Chrome

Product Number: 51322-18228-SG

Author: Joshua D. Thomas, Danijela Milosevic-Popovich

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the war on corrosion and wear, maintenance repair engineers will be hard pressed to find a plating material as strong as chrome. It has high hardness, high lubricity, low wear resistance, and maintains some of its hardness even after being exposed to high temperatures. However, there’s increasing pressure to find an alternative to this material due to the worker safety and environmental issues it presents. Regularly, hard chrome is electroplated where it is needed using a plating solution containing chromium trioxide. Chromium trioxide is registered with both REACH⁽¹⁾ and the EPA⁽²⁾ as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic.

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Coke Drum Weld Design for Better Fatigue Performance

Product Number: 51323-19182-SG

Author: Haixia Guo, Frank Vacha, Sunil Nayar, Mark Odegard, Enzo Falo, Simon Yuen

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Delayed coking process is one of the major process technologies used for breaking down the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into shorter coker gas oil (and petroleum coke as by-product). Severe cyclic operating conditions are involved in these units. The main vessels, coke drums, are exposed to multiple damage mechanisms, as summarized in API 934G and J.

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Cold Spray for Repair of Nuclear Reactor System Components

Product Number: ED22-17267-SG

Author: Catherine Cmar, Michael Ickes, Arash Parsi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Supersonic particle deposition also known as cold dynamic gas spray, or “Cold Spray” is a materials deposition process. During the cold spray process a gas stream, typically helium or nitrogen, is split into two streams where 90% of the gas is sent to an electric heater and 10% is sent to a powder feeder. The powder feeder contains powder composed of small metallic particles, or blends of metallic and non-metallic particles, ranging from 5 to 100 μm in size.

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Cold Work Qualification Of UNS N08935 For Use In Chloride And Sour Environment

Product Number: 51322-18080-SG

Author: Karen Picker, Luiza Esteves, Marcelo Senatore

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

UNS N08935 is a new versatile super austenitic alloy with extreme pitting resistance as indicated by its pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of 52. It can be used in a broader temperature range than superduplex and hyperduplex stainless steels, offers good weldability and is more cost-effective than Nickel-based materials which make the grade a good candidate for O&G applications, refineries, and chemical industries.^1,2

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Cold-Spray Application For In-Field Corrosion And Damage Repair

Product Number: 51323-19086-SG

Author: Joshua P. James

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The need for corrosion mitigation and repair is a perennial concern for a wide array of industries. An attractive evolution in coatings application for mitigating the effects of environmental/operational degradation is cold spray of metallic replacement layers. As cold spray technologies continue to become more commonplace, portable, low-pressure cold spray systems presents an opportunity to bring metallic repair to the field for heavily damaged or corroded assets.

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Combatting Corrosion in Gas Sweetening Processes: Insight from Amine Treatment Case Studies

Product Number: 51324-21052-SG

Author: Abdullah M. Alratoee; Ibrahim A. Albrahim; Ricardo S. Costa; Sayee Raghunathan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Amine solutions have been widely used to remove acid gases at gas treatment units found in gas plants, refineries and other facilities. Corrosion is always a challenge for these units, particularly for carbon steel equipment or piping that are processing hot amines. Amines are noncorrosive by nature. However, once acid gases are dissolved in amines, they act as strong electrolytes, which significantly increase the susceptibly of carbon steel components to corrode. Temperature, acid gas loading, velocity, and degradation products are the primary factors that influence amine corrosion. This paper presents Saudi Aramco experience with corrosion challenges encountered in hot diethylene glycol amine (DGA) piping circuits and equipment. Corrosion was identified at two locations which are the rich amine inlet piping to stripper and the stripper column. The paper also details the adequate corrosion control measures to reduce the corrosion risk and ensure asset integrity. Furthermore, the paper discusses the maximum recommended temperature limit for rich amine streams, derived from hands-on experience and an in-house built corrosion prediction model. The results and conclusions provide valuable insights, offering a clear path forward for addressing corrosion challenges in similar amine systems and fostering a safer and more efficient operation.

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Combination Of High Ph SCC And Near Neutral Ph SCC Models Using Bayesian Networks

Product Number: 51322-17851-SG

Author: Francois Ayello, Guanlan Liu, Narasi Sridhar, Ramgopal Thodla

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC) of gas transmission lines constitute about 2.6% of the total number of significant incidents recorded in the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration (PHMSA) database [1]. For the hydrocarbon liquid pipelines, the EAC-related incidents constitute about 1%. Although Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) incidents are a relatively small percentage of significant incidents, it is important to predict the location and rate of growth of SCC because of the potential for catastrophic consequences from the growth of undetected cracks.

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Combining RMU, Annual Survey, and Groundbed System Design Data to Predict Capital Replacement Needs

Product Number: 51324-20805-SG

Author: Matt Barrett; Mill Jawed; Dylan Bolch; William Maize; Tony da Costa

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

We present a procedure to estimate the remaining service life of an impressed current groundbed using data analytics techniques to combine the various manually and remotely collected measurements, and rectifier groundbed metadata. Multiple data sources, including commissioning data, annual survey data, remote monitoring data were combined to create a consolidated dataset spanning over ten years for each impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) rectifier groundbed. Using advanced analytics algorithms applied to ICCP rectifier groundbed sites, weighting factors have been calculated to determine the influence of each dataset on the estimated groundbed remaining service life. This work builds on previous presentations at AMPP Corrosion 2021 and 2022, where seasonality and historic trends in rectifier resistance measurements were modelled. By including additional datasets describing the location at the time of installation and the historic survey measurements, a more robust prediction can be made.

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Combining Thermal Spray Zinc And Hot-Dip Galvanizing To Achieve An All Metallic Zinc Coating System

Product Number: 51322-18207-SG

Author: Bernardo Duran

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion protection of infrastructure and assets is an area of increasing focus due to increasing financial and safety concerns. On a global scale, corrosion has an annual cost of $2.5 trillion (USD).¹ To combat the deleterious effects of this natural phenomenon, specifiers and owners have many choices in terms of materials and protective coatings. Consideration of both initial and life cycle costs has become more important in the age of increased competition and shrinking maintenance budgets.

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Comments On Standards Development For Selection And Specification Of Subsea Materials

Product Number: 51322-17491-SG

Author: Russell D. Kane

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the oil and gas industry, the major standard for material selection today is ANSI¹/NACE² MR0175/ISO 15156 Parts 1-3. [1] While this standard deals extensively with environment cracking and its prevention for materials under exposure to production environments containing H₂S, CO2, chlorides, and sulfur, it does not include any guidance or material requirements for resistance to environmental cracking (such as hydrogen stress cracking – HSC, or otherwise) under variable subsea conditions that involve exposure to seawater with varying levels of cathodic protection (CP). ISO 21457 [2] provides further guidance for materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems but does not provide adequate coverage of the issue of environmental cracking in subsea applications with CP.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance