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51316-7202-Single versus Multiple Injection Points for REAC Wash Water Systems

Picture for Single versus Multiple Injection Points for REAC Wash Water Systems
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Variables that influence extent of vaporization of injected wash water & subsequent impact on minimizing the risk of corrosion.  Consequences of liquid maldistribution in reactor effluent air coolers (REACs). Selecting between single and multiple injection points.

Product Number: 51316-7202-SG
ISBN: 7202 2016 CP
Author: Garry Jacobs
Publication Date: 2016
Industry: Oil and Gas Production
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Reactor effluent air coolers (REACs) in hydroprocessing units have been a persistent safety and reliability problem for refiners due to ammonium salt corrosion. Wash water is injected to avoid ammonium bisulfide and ammonium chloride salt deposition and/or corrosion but it is not always successful. Wet salt deposits are extremely corrosive and the aqueous bisulfide salt solution may also be corrosive depending on concentration and other variables. Licensors process and corrosion engineers typically select between a single or multiple water injection points - or both -when designing the REAC water wash system. This paper will examine the variables (e.g. pressure temperature and process configuration) that influence the extent of vaporization of the injected wash water and the subsequent impact on minimizing the risk of corrosion. The consequences of liquid maldistribution (free water and oil) by REAC inlet piping systems will also be addressed along with the disparities between simulation models and reality. This leads to a rationale for selecting between single and multiple injection points based on the unit feed contaminants operating conditions and design details.

 Key words: downloadable, REAC, ammonium bisulfide, wash water, maldistribution, hydroprocessing

Reactor effluent air coolers (REACs) in hydroprocessing units have been a persistent safety and reliability problem for refiners due to ammonium salt corrosion. Wash water is injected to avoid ammonium bisulfide and ammonium chloride salt deposition and/or corrosion but it is not always successful. Wet salt deposits are extremely corrosive and the aqueous bisulfide salt solution may also be corrosive depending on concentration and other variables. Licensors process and corrosion engineers typically select between a single or multiple water injection points - or both -when designing the REAC water wash system. This paper will examine the variables (e.g. pressure temperature and process configuration) that influence the extent of vaporization of the injected wash water and the subsequent impact on minimizing the risk of corrosion. The consequences of liquid maldistribution (free water and oil) by REAC inlet piping systems will also be addressed along with the disparities between simulation models and reality. This leads to a rationale for selecting between single and multiple injection points based on the unit feed contaminants operating conditions and design details.

 Key words: downloadable, REAC, ammonium bisulfide, wash water, maldistribution, hydroprocessing

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Picture for Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in the Refining Industry
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Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in the Refining Industry

Product Number: 51317--9574-SG
ISBN: 9574 2017 CP
Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper summarizes key case studies where Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) corrosion was observed. Best practices for process control and corrosion mitigation strategies have been recommended based on the learnings from these failures.

 
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Evaluate Ammonium Chloride Corrosion Potential with Water Partial Pressure

Product Number: 51317--8960-SG
ISBN: 8960 2017 CP
Author: Huang Lin
Publication Date: 2017
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In conjunction with the water dew point line, a simplified ammonium chloride corrosion chart has been developed to evaluate ammonium chloride corrosion potential at different temperatures with different water partial pressures.
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06576 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF AMMONIUM BISULFIDE CORROSION UNDER REFINERY SOUR WATER SERVICE CONDITIONS

Product Number: 51300-06576-SG
ISBN: 06576 2006 CP
Author: Richard J. Horvath, Michael S. Cayard, Russell D. Kane
Publication Date: 2006
$20.00

This paper summarizes results of a joint industry program (JIP) to address ammonium bisulfide (NH 4 HS) corrosion in H 2 S-dominated alkaline sour waters typically found in refinery services such as the reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) systems of hydroprocessing units.
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