AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'pipeline'

Available for download

AC Corrosion of Pipelines

Product Number: 37656-pdf

ISBN: 978-1-57590-464-1

Author: Y. Frank Cheng

$160.00

AC Corrosion of Pipelines covers the essential topics related to AC corrosion of pipelines, a problem affecting the safety and reliability of underground pipelines. In addition to the basic principles of AC interference induced by adjacent AC power lines and other sources, the book details the adverse effects of the interference on collocated pipelines, including corrosion and pitting corrosion, coating degradation, deviating of cathodic protection potentials, and the ineffectiveness of cathodic protection systems. Moreover, effective management measures to this problem are discussed. It also covers the DC interference and DC corrosion of the pipelines, as compared to the AC corrosion phenomenon. The book, the first of its kind, provides a complete and comprehensive understanding to the phenomenon from both the fundamentals and the author's research experiences.

The reader can learn and understand the basics associated with AC corrosion. Moreover, the book provides solutions and industry practice to mitigate, control, and manage AC corrosion of pipelines. The reader can thus learn the appropriate solutions to the problem. Finally, the book also includes DC corrosion of pipelines, in addition to AC corrosion, another essential problem to the buried pipelines with the increasing development of HVDC power lines. All of them contribute to improved knowledge base and recommended solutions for the actual problem threating the integrity and safety of pipelines.

Available for download

AC Corrosion of Pipelines-Chapter 2: Sources and Principles of AC Interfernce

Product Number: 37656-Ch02

$55.00

One of AMPP's best-selling titles, AC Corrosion of Pipelines, covers the essential topics related to AC corrosion of pipelines, a problem affecting the safety and reliability of underground pipelines.

Chapter 2, "Sources and Principles of AC Interference," is an introduction to the wide variety of sources generating AC interference and the main principles of the interference. The generation of AC interference under steady-state operation and the fault conditions are detailed. In particular, the modes and mechanisms of AC interference (i.e., capacitive coupling, resistive coupling, inductive coupling, etc.) are reviewed systematically for educational and practical purposes.

2021 AMPP, color, 13 pages with references, pdf

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Advanced Corrosion Resistant Coating and The Requisite Technological Advancements for Its Application

Product Number: 51323-19485-SG

Author: Jon H. Brasher

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

During the rebuilding after hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005, construction inspectors in coastal areas began noticing that the galvanized connectors being used were already rusting before the framing was complete. These were the same connectors, such as hurricane straps, joist hangers, beam hangers, and hurricane ties, which are easily seen beneath the elevated houses along the shoreline. Even on the construction projects that specified stainless steel connectors, inspectors could see tarnishing before the framing was complete.

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Aggressive Stray Current Corrosion on an Onshore Crude Line

Product Number: 51323-19499-SG

Author: Yusuf A. Nasidi, Mohammed S. Hamaqi, Hassan A. Al Basri

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The company operates several thousands of kilometers of pipelines that transport oil and gas from the offshore and onshore fields. A Risk Based Inspection (RBI) approach is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline system in accordance with the design, company, and legal requirements.

During one of the many planned In-Line Inspection (ILI) programs undertaken to determine the integrity status of their pipelines, a 48" crude pipeline was reported to have significant external corrosion on one of its onshore sections with reported metal loss of up to 93% of its nominal wall thickness.

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AMPP TM21451-2023, Evaluation of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels for Resistance to Stress-Oriented Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (SOHIC)

Product Number: AMPP TM21451-2023

Publication Date: 2023

$109.00

Carbon and low-alloy steels in plate form and their welded products may be susceptible to one or more forms of environmental cracking when exposed to wet H₂S service conditions. These include, for example, (1) sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of hard zones and welds; (2) hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in the parent metal; and (3) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking (SOHIC) in the region adjacent to welds of nominally acceptable hardness. Extensive work has been conducted over many years to understand various fundamental and applied aspects of these phenomena. Experiences in refinery wet H₂S operations have directed particular attention to understanding SOHIC and the various metallurgical and environmental parameters that govern its occurrence.

Scope

This standard was prepared to provide a test method for consistent evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels to SOHIC caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. The test conditions are not designed to simulate any specific service environment. The test is intended to evaluate resistance to SOHIC only, and not to other adverse effects of sour environments such as sulfide stress cracking (SSC), pitting, or mass loss from corrosion.

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An Intelligent Flushing System for Oil or Gas Gathering Systems

Product Number: 51320-14686-SG

Author: Yuri Fairuzov , Victor Fairuzov

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Shale oil companies are currently building state-of-the-art gathering infrastructure to transport oil and natural gas from the wells through an oil gathering system to a central oil stabilization facility to eliminate truck traffic and condensate tank emissions. A portion of fracturing fluids and sand that returns to the surface (slickwater and proppant backflow) may accumulate in this new-built pipeline infrastructure and cause severe pitting corrosion. Also, paraffin and wax deposits may cause operational problems in various parts of the oil gathering system. In offshore production systems, production streams frequently contain organic/inorganic solids and water causing corrosion and wax buildup in subsea pipelines, which are unpiggable in many cases.
We propose a novel system for removing solids, wax, sludge, and other unwanted fluids causing corrosion and/or flow assurance issues in oil and gas gathering systems, including manifolds and unpiggable process lines. The system comprises one component that generate fluid batches at the inlet of the flowlines and a model-based controller component that determines the launch time of fluid batches such that the batches generated in the flowlines are merged into one batch in the gathering pipeline or production manifold. The controller simulates the fluid batches moving along the flowlines using a real-time simulation model and provides automatic control of the systems generating the fluid batches. The dose of corrosion or wax inhibitors is automatically adjusted to maintain a predetermined concentration of the chemical in response to a variation of the rate of water production in the well.
Scale-model test results and real-time simulations of system operation are presented. The stationary bed of solids formed in the production manifold and process lines is converted into a series of solids dunes that slowly move toward the separator. This effect dramatically reduces the likelihood of internal corrosion. Also, the risk of wax deposition reduces because the internal surface of the pipe is continuously flushed by hot water batches. This technology is applicable for existing and new-build pipeline infrastructure and virtually does not have limitations regarding the design of the oil or gas gathering system, operating pressure and temperature. As a result, the production manifold itself and unpiggable process lines are efficiently flushed with produced water.

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Application of Hydrogen Service Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Models to a Simulated Remaining Life Assessment of Transmission Pipeline

Product Number: 51323-19368-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, B.N. Padgett, T.J. Prewitt, A. Chandra, S. Finneran, R. Thodla

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The hydrogen economy envisions the use of gaseous hydrogen (herein referred to as hydrogen) as an energy carrier for the reduction of carbon emissions. Transportation of hydrogen from the upstream source (generation location) to the end-user will be necessary to maximize the carbon reduction potential switching from natural gas to pure hydrogen or hydrogen blended natural gas products. A proposed, economically viable option is to utilize the existing and extensive natural gas pipeline infrastructure in the United States.

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Application of Probabilistic Model in SCCDA

Product Number: 51323-18956-SG

Author: Francois Ayello, Ramgopal Thodla, Guanlan Liu, Narasi Sridhar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a serious threat to our pipeline infrastructure. Past SCC failures have shown that both NN pH SCC and high pH SCC may lead to catastrophic pipeline failure. This is due to the formation of cracks that are difficult to detect. Moreover, SCC is difficult to predict, as multiple mechanisms must interact to lead to the formation of these cracks.

Available for download

Applying Machine Learning Techniques To Identify And Predict Behavior Of Rectifier And Groundbed State Change

Product Number: 51322-17833-SG

Author: Matt Barrett, Will Maize, Tony da Costa

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Impressed current rectifiers are the backbone of a pipeline operator’s cathodic protection (CP) systems. A rectifier’s ability to protect a large length of electrically continuous pipeline considerably improves efficiencies and reduces material costs as compared to galvanic systems. However, like galvanic anodes, impressed current anodes are a consumable asset, and require replacement at the end of their service life to ensure that the rectifier can continue to adequately protect the pipeline.

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Case Analysis Of Electromagnetic Interference Of AC Substation On Pipeline

Product Number: 51322-17517-SG

Author: Su Jin

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A substation is a place where the power system converts voltage and current and receives and distributes electric energy. When a phase line is abnormally connected to another phase line or ground, a large amount of current will flow into the ground through the grounding bed of the substation. In such case, if metal structures exist such as buried pipelines near the substation, the pipelines often withstand serious electrical interference 1, which causes stray current corrosion of the pipelines 2 and other safety problems.

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Case Studies On ECDA and SCCDA

Product Number: 51323-19231-SG

Author: Vignesh Shankar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipelines have been considered one of the safest methods of transporting energy from one place to another. This is achieved through a systematically planned, documented, and comprehensive pipeline integrity management (PIM) program. PIM covers areas such as engineering, operations, inspections and maintenance, health and safety, and environment protection.

Available for download

Case Study - AC Mitigation Design without Powerline Data

Product Number: 51323-18983-SG

Author: Baotong Lu, Hui Yu, Bryan Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipeline corrosion may result from alternating current (AC) interferences from various sources, for example, high voltage AC (HVAC) transmission lines collocated with pipelines. AC mitigation is necessary to minimize corrosion risk, as well as personnel hazard, if intensity of AC interferences, normally characterized as AC induced voltage and current density, exceeds certain thresholds. Field readings of AC induced voltage and AC current density obtained from test points along a pipeline are often regarded as indicators of such risks.

Products tagged with 'pipeline'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance