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Currently, a number of fracture mechanics-based methods are available for crack assessment. In this paper, a critical review is given to failure assessment diagram (FAD), in particular the API 579-2000 fracture mechanics assessment method for crack-like flaws. Illustrations, arranged by applicability to field examples, demonstrate the approach.
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This paper begins with a brief discussion of essential properties of all pipeline coatings, and a listing of multi-layer systems designed to meet specific needs. It then focuses on special considerations regarding application parameters for multi-layer systems that use fusionbonded epoxy as the primer.
The effect of seasonal changes on the protection of pipelines in high-resistivity soil. The nature and magnitude of the seasonal fluctuations. Corrosion rates are low even when compliance with a given CP criterion cannot be demonstrated.
This paper presents several case histories where ductile iron pipeline sections have been investigated to ascertain the corrosioncontrol benefits of polyethylene encasement. Investigative procedures, included cell-to-cell potential surveys, side-drain technique measurements, in-situ and laboratory soil tests, pipe-to-soil potential measurements and excavation inspections.
Analytical methods for verification of assumed performance metrics, in terms of sizing are presented in this paper. The application of methods and criteria described in API 1163 for rejection and acceptance of assumed tool tolerance are discussed.
It has been important for the oil industry to establish reliable test method(s) for qualification and safe utilization of subsea pipelines and components made from stainless steels. This paper describes a method that has been developed through a JIP executed with support from leading oil companies and meterial suppliers.p
This paper will discuss a significant project where various materials for Dual Laminate piping, both composite and metallic were thoroughly evaluated. The end result was selection in favor of a Dual Laminate pipiing system.
A recent pre-1970 ERW Pipe Seam Weld Failure incident is presented. The investigation combines metallurgical and fractographic analysis, fracture mechanics testing, and failure analysis diagram to determine the origin and nature.
An equipment integrity management system (IMS) requires focused effort from many disciplines to ensure that it is fully integrated and sustainable. The systems necessary to manage inventory, schedule inspections and capture inspection data are key elements of the IMS.
To facilitate decision making when stress corrosion cracks are found during excavations or in-line inspections of pipelines, a hierarchy of crack-severity rankings has been developed, based upon predicted failure pressure as calculated from the crack sizes.
This paper will discuss the differences in "shielding" and "nonshielding" coating systems for pipelines and how CP works with these coatings.