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This paper will show improvements in interpretation of direct current voltage gradient % IR and how accurate selection of pipeline coating rehabilitation location based on this concept would lead to improvements in cathodic protection performance. Case studies from previous external corrosion direct assessment digs will be presented.
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Multiple leaks occurred with a carbon steel pipe carrying hot condensate water (300F and 140 psi). A root cause analysis was performed, including visual and metallographic examination of two failed samples chemical, analysis of weld metal and base metal and chemical analysis of water samples. Results show that flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) was the responsible mechanism leading to the failures.
Methods used to destructively determine the actual crack depths in the Pipeline Research Council International project as well as the statistical comparison of those values to the NDE measurements. We also briefly introduce advanced fracture mechanics analysis techniques that can be used to assess the safety significance of crack-like pipeline anomalies.
It is known that carbon steels in Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE) has pitting corrosion and active path corrosion-type stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility. In the current work, susceptibility of pitting and SCC of two types of X52 grade carbon steel were investigated by immersion testing and Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT).
A remote sensing technique to detect corrosion metal defects & effects of ground movement by mapping variations in the earth’s magnetic field around pipelines. Magnetostriction is the process by which internal domains inside the structure of ferroelectric materials such as carbon steel alloys create magnetic fields when subjected to mechanical stress.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the possibility of testing full sized connections in sour environments. It is also intended to demonstrate to the industry that the pipe body is possibly more susceptible to cracking than is the premium connection fabricated from the same susceptible material.
A model is developed to simulate electrolytic coupling between the carrier and casing pipe in a cased crossing, and to estimate diversion of the cathodic protection current from the rest of the pipeline for a given set of conditions.
How deep is too deep to run a successful indirect inspection of Horizontally Directionally Drilled (HDD) installed pipelines and still have valid results? Real world examples of indirection inspections at various depths. Alternate methods for inspection. Suggested indirect inspection criteria.
Validation results of feature level and joint level CGR based on feature matching and signal matching. These results enable pipeline operators to establish defect repair schedules and re-inspection intervals with increased confidence.
The focus herein is on comparing integrity probabilistic analysis approaches with a brief discussion on the existing deterministic approaches. The comparison study utilizes real life application of In-Line-Inspection (ILI) and field measurements of corroded onshore pipelines.
Pipeline casings can be or are a problem. This paper will discuss the issues with casings, introduce one way of managing a casing program and offers some solutions to the casing management issue.
For pipe installed through bore methods, visual inspections and electronic coating holiday detectors during installation becomes impractical. This paper/presentation will discuss the steps we took as a pipeline operator to find a practical approach to performing a coating quality test on bored pipe.