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Corrosion Management Review of Sour Gas Pipeline – A Case Study

Product Number: 51323-18855-SG

Author: Muntathir M. Al-Jumaah, Faisal M. Al-Mutahhar, Muhammad A. Sherwani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper reviews the corrosion management for a critical sour gas pipeline operated by Saudi Aramco. The 38-inch diameter pipeline transports untreated sour gas from Crude Processing Facility (CPF) to downstream Gas Plant and spans a total distance of 145 km. To prevent internal corrosion inside the pipeline, the wet sour gas is dehydrated using Tri-Ethylene Glycol (TEG) unit.

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Corrosion Mechanisms Of Mild Steel In The Presence Of Formic And Acetic Acids

Product Number: 51322-17944-SG

Author: Sahithi Ayyagari, Maryam Eslami, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion is a surface phenomenon, which is defined as the deterioration of a material due to chemical and/ or electrochemical reactions. The continued interest in understanding corrosion phenomena and devising mitigation methods stems from the potential influence corrosion has on infrastructural damage across diverse industries. The most prevalent forms of corrosion encountered in the oil and gas industry are referred to as sweet and sour, corresponding to aqueous CO₂ and H₂S environments, respectively. The presence of an aqueous phase in these environments leads to the formation of a weak acid which is understood to be detrimental to the service life of carbon steel pipelines, when not properly mitigated.

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Corrosion Monitoring System in the Port of Miami Tunnel

Product Number: 51324-21171-SG

Author: Adrian Steele; Samanbar Permeh; Kingsley Lau

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The design of the PortMiami Tunnel (PMT) utilizes segmental reinforced concrete lining panels. Early corrosion initiation is expected to be mitigated by the specification of low permeability ternary-blend concrete and minimum three-inch clear cover, but there is uncertainty in the long-term corrosion and materials durability (particularly considering its ambitious 150 year design life) and uncertainty of the extent of possible loss of concrete integrity of the structure at extended times. Therefore, interest lies in continual long term corrosion monitoring of the tunnel panels. The objectives of this testing program are to provide information on the panels that may indicate possible early corrosion development in key areas of the tunnel and to provide field data to supplement laboratory testing to provide recommendations for best practices addressing corrosion prevention and mitigation for submerged structures. The findings from corrosion monitoring for over 10 years of service are presented.

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Corrosion Of 2Cr Steel In Supercritical CO2 Saturated Saline Water With Cl, S and Br Anions

Product Number: 51323-19014-SG

Author: Benjamin Taylor, Yimin Zeng, Haofei Sun, Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Before full decarburization can be achieved, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) suggests an applicable way of combining CO2-producing processes with the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. Except for permanent CO2 storage, the economics and efficiency of CCUS processes can be further improved by utilizing the CO2 byproduct in other industry areas. One of the promising methods is to use the captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

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Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L in Chloride Solution

Product Number: 51324-21159-SG

Author: Leila Saberi; Mehdi Amiri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Although there have been major strides in understanding the influence of additively manufacturing (AM) on mechanical properties such as tensile and fatigue, the understanding of the corrosion performance of AM-produced metals and alloys remains in its infancy. The corrosion performance and mechanical properties of AM metals are significantly influenced by their unique microstructural features that are highly dependent on the build parameters. These features include surface roughness, porosity, grain directionality, residual stresses, oxides, atypical inclusions, and sub-structures, to name a few. Such microstructural/defect features are distinct in comparison with those of cast or wrought alloys and span many orders of magnitude in length scale. Consequently, AM plays a significant role in corrosion performance. In this paper, the corrosion of additively manufactured stainless steel 304L (AM SS304L) in 5% NaCl solution is studied. The purpose of this research is to understand the correlation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties. The effects of surface roughness, surface porosity, and build orientation on corrosion and pitting potentials are investigated. All these features show significant impacts on corrosion performance of AM SS304L. Detailed microstructural and elemental analyses are performed to further understand the interrelation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties.

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Corrosion Of Candidate Alloys For Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Reactor Under Batch-Mode Operation

Product Number: 51321-16779-SG

Author: Haoyang Li; Yimin Zeng; Xue Han; Minkang Liu; Chunbao (Charles) Xu

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion of Candidate BoP Alloys for the Hydrogen Side in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Product Number: 51324-21036-SG

Author: Morten Tjelta; Jon Kvarekvål

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents corrosion test results of candidate alloys for balance-of-plant (BoP) at the hydrogen side in alkaline water electrolyzers. Experiments were carried out at industrially relevant conditions, i.e. 60-80 °C in 25 wt% KOH solutions at H2 pressures ranging from 1 bar (cf. atmospheric units) to 15 bar (cf. pressurized units). Materials tested were nickel base alloy UNS N06625, austenitic stainless steel UNS S31603, super duplex UNS S327X0 and carbon steel UNS K03014. Mass loss corrosion and localized corrosion based on surface profilometry were used to evaluate materials performance. Corrosion scales were characterized using XRD.

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Corrosion Of Constructional Alloys in Corrodants-Containing Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Conditions

Product Number: 51323-18940-SG

Author: Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In recent decades, the increasing demand of conventional fossil fuel-derived energy and products leads to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. The intensifying environmental awareness and lack of supply in fossil fuel resources has expedited research for finding sustainable, energy secured and environmental-friendly alternatives. Among all the sources, biomass such as wood chips, agricultural crops and wastes, municipal and animal wastes, and specially engineered aquatic plants are commonly considered as potential sources to replace fossil fuels or chemical feedstocks.

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Corrosion of Cr-Alloyed Steels in Supercritical CO2-Saturated Brine Water

Product Number: 51324-20809-SG

Author: Alexander Gross; Haofei Sun; Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the context of urgent efforts to reduce global carbon emissions, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has gained prominence. Tubing and casing steels are vital materials of construction (MOC) in CCUS systems, especially in supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) environments. However, the understanding of the corrosion behavior of these steels under s-CO2 conditions is limited, which presents integrity challenges. Immersion experiments were conducted with steels containing varying chromium (Cr) levels (0.5 wt% to 16.5 wt%), including P110, P91, and SS 316. These steels were exposed to s-CO2-saturated brine water (3.5 wt% NaCl) at 50 °C and 10 MPa for durations of 10 and 100 hours. Corrosion rates were determined via weight loss measurements, and corrosion products were analyzed with SEM and XRD. P110 displayed the highest corrosion rates (15.7 mm/y at 10 hours, 2.9 mm/y at 100 hours) but developed a thick FeCO3 layer after 100 hours. In contrast, P91 and SS 316 exhibited lower corrosion rates after 100 hours (0.04 mm/y and < 0.01 mm/y, respectively). The influence of Cr content and exposure duration on the corrosion behavior of these steels were discussed. All steels exhibited decreasing corrosion rates over time, primarily due to oxide formation, enhancing the understanding of casing and tubing steel corrosion in s-CO2 environments.

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Corrosion Of Gathering Pipelines In Oil And Gas Field And Its Mitigation Measures In China

Product Number: 51322-17741-SG

Author: Anqing Fu, Juntao Yuan, Zihan Chen, Xuanpeng Li, Naixin Lv, Wensheng Li, Lei Fan, Houbu Li

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The exploration and development of oil and gas resources towards the direction of ultra-deep, low permeability, and unconventional in China. In addition, some oil and gas fields have developed into the middle or late stage, the application of various EOR technologies, such as acid fracturing, CO₂ flooding, air foam flooding and polymer flooding, resulting in the service environment of oil and gas gathering pipelines becoming more and more complex and harsh, such as high temperature, high pressure, high H₂S/CO₂, Cl^- and bacteria, corrosion failures became one of the biggest challenges of oil and gas gathering pipelines.

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Corrosion Of Mild Steel In Concentrated Monoethylene Glycol (MEG)

Product Number: 51321-16701-SG

Author: Marion Seiersten

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

The thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor MEG is a robust choice for long distance gas-condensate tie-backs operating at low temperature. The possibility to regenerate and recycle the MEG enables cost effective operation with low discharges. The choice of regeneration process depends on the salt content of the produced water.

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Corrosion Of Nickle Based Alloy In Batch-Mode Biomass Supercritical Water Gasification(SCWG) System

Product Number: 51322-18030-SG

Author: Haoyang Li, Xue Han, Kaiyang Li, Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, Chunbao (Charles) Xu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising thermochemical conversion technology in which supercritical water is used as the medium to convert different types of wet biomass (such as wastewater sludge, food waste or microalgae) and even crude bio-oils into hydrogenrich syngas without the need of costive pre-drying process.¹ During typical SCWG conversion at temperature and pressure above the critical point of water (i.e., 374℃ and 22.1 MPa), alkali metal/metal oxide catalysts, carbon-based catalysts and Ni- or Fe-based catalysts are introduced to significantly improve the conversion efficiency on H₂ production.²

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance