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Canada’s existing natural gas pipeline network is being considered to help store and distribute high pressure hydrogen, when blended with natural gas, to support transition to the hydrogen economy. The importance of this topic to Canada is well document in the Federal Government’s call to action “Hydrogen Strategy for Canada”, which includes benefits such as: (i) positioning Canada to become a worlding-leading supplier of hydrogen technologies, (ii) employing hydrogen as a key enabler to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, and (iii) generating more than 350,000 high paying jobs, including unique opportunities for indigenous communities and businesses.
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Boilers are one of the most fundamental systems in refineries or processing plants. It is very critical to assess and control the conditions of boilers to avoid the operation failure. Scale and corrosions are major problems in the boiler. Boiler chemical treatment has been considered to be a cost-effective approach to prevent deposition formation and minimize corrosion in boilers to control feeding chemicals, tracers are used for monitoring chemical dosage levels. The usage of fluorescent tracers for dosage control and system diagnostics is a recognized approach for decreasing operator workload and improving system performance.
Combinatorial chemistry is a laboratory technique in which millions of molecular constructions can be synthesized and tested as candidates for new drugs, new catalysts, shorter manufacturing process, or novel molecules for specific targets. Combinatorial chemistry was invented for drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry in early 1980s. This was the concept that was at the forefront at the search of procedures that were expected to accelerate and facilitate new molecules for various targets such as new drug discoveries, or new molecules for any intended target.
Under current energy-market conditions, the nuclear industry must innovate and move towards a more economically viable approach for many operations and maintenance (O&M) activities. One O&M change can include minimizing labor involved and frequency of O&M activities, including shifting some manual tests to automated online testing. Changing test practices must not only consider costs but also risks and efficacy of new test approaches compared to current practice.
As the world is recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, the building and construction industry started to lead the path towards the new normal. While previously construction was a fairly straight forward experience, the world post COVID-19 has proven itself not to be the same anymore. One of the clear differences between the world pre and post COVID-19 was the concern regarding sustainability and CO2 emissions.
This twin train Condensate Splitting Unit (CSU) is basically an atmospheric distillation unit processing predominantly Middle Eastern condensate along with other non-system condensate. The products from this unit are Light/Heavy Naphtha, Kerosene, Light/Heavy Gas Oil and Atmospheric residue. There is no desalter in this unit and preheated feed is flashed in Pre-flash column to separate out light and medium naphtha.
Extending service life of an offshore wind tower brings value to the owner and has the added benefit of reducing environmental impact. Arguably the biggest threat to service- life is degradation. When constructing with steel, corrosion is the threat to mitigate. Coatings formulated with zinc dust have been the primary strategy for protection. Zinc dust incorporated into silicate resins is considered an inorganic zinc coating. In recent years silicate finishes made without zinc have entered the market to create a two- coat inorganic system offering unmatched corrosion protection in a finish with various color options. The silicate resin is low carbon and won’t contribute to microplastic accumulation in the ocean. This paper will explain what a two- coat inorganic corrosion resistant system is, how it works, what it looks like and most importantly how it extends the life- cycle of wind towers by inhibiting corrosion for decades.
A fit for purpose qualification of new corrosion inhibitors was carried out for in a gas and condensate field. The depth of production well is 4,500 m and the bottom hole temperature and pressure are 180ºC and 50 MPa respectively. The methodology and result of the inhibitor evaluation under a sweet condition was summarized. Two brands of corrosion inhibitors had been used each for production tubing and flowline in the field. New corrosion inhibitors were evaluated for the both applications. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency for high shear service and the adhesion tendency were evaluated with a rotating cage autoclave and a dip and drip experiment respectively. In order to evaluate the tendency of emulsion forming, oil, brine and an inhibitor were poured into a centrifuge tube and it was shaken intensely. Gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were studied to measure the residual amount of inhibitor. Finally, the field trial was conducted with a new inhibitor. The new inhibitor was adopted successfully for the both services. The risk of emulsion forming became lower because the mixing of two brands of inhibitors was avoided. Reducing the number of the chemicals contributed to reduction of the operation cost too.
Historically, regulators, industry and other research organizations have performed research on materials harvested from a broad range of components, including the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), internals, and piping. Harvesting has included both service-aged materials as well as components from unfinished reactors. This harvesting and associated research has provided valuable insights into materials performance, such as flaw populations, materials properties, aging effects and non-destructive evaluation effectiveness.
Current fatigue assessments for the fatigue life of a plant component are usually based on methodologies that use uniaxial fatigue test data (i.e. ASME Section III, and are intended to be conservative for design and fitness-for-purpose assessments when applied to plant components and loading. This data is generated through cyclic loading of specimens at a constant amplitude, and failure is usually defined as when there is a load drop of 25% from steady state stress under strain-controlled conditions (or specimen separation for stress control). The corresponding number of cycles is then used as the definition of fatigue life for a particular strain amplitude. It is known that there are differences between fatigue behaviour in an idealised laboratory setting and in-service components which can contribute to excessive conservatism in plant assessments.
In a pipe, guided Lamb-like waves can propagate around the circumference of the pipe wall. As they do, the waves pick up details about the pipe wall’s characteristics, such as its inner surface condition and, most significantly, its thickness. A robust pipe wall thickness estimation method based on conventional (i.e., non-machine learning) processing methods has been proposed by the authors.