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New Insight Into The Mechanisms Of Iron Carbonate Formation In Sweet Carbonate Reservoir During Acid Stimulation

Picture for New Insight Into The Mechanisms Of Iron Carbonate Formation In Sweet Carbonate Reservoir During Acid Stimulation
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Product Number: 51321-16531-SG
Author: Tao Chen/ Qiwei Wang/ Bader Al-Harbi/ Khalid Alnoaimi
Publication Date: 2021
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Acid stimulation is a frequently used technology to enhance the production rate of hydrocarbons from a reservoir. Severe iron carbonate deposition has been observed recently during acid stimulation in sweet carbonate gas wells, especially for high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) wells. It offsets the performance of acid stimulation, causes severe flow assurance issues, such as formation damage and tubing blockage. To study iron carbonate formation during acid stimulation, corrosion coupon tests were conducted to collect data of the corrosion rate and iron released from tubing during the acid injection stage of acidizing treatment. To simulate iron carbonate depositing in the near-wellbore region, scale prediction software (ScaleSoftPitzer) was applied to simulate the scaling tendency and potential mass deposition. This allows an insight into the iron carbonate precipitation. Results show iron carbonate deposition during acid stimulation is a corrosion induced scale issue. A high concentration of iron can release from tubular due to severe corrosion during acid injection, especially for the high-temperature reservoir. Minor iron carbonate could deposit at the initial stage of acid injection due to low the pH of spent acid. However, sever iron carbonate can precipitate when spent acid with pH ~3.8 mixes with formation water. A large amount of iron carbonate could deposit in the near-wellbore region or tubing, which potentially causes severe flow assurance issues and offsets the performance of acid stimulation. This paper presents a fundamental study to understand the mechanisms of iron carbonate deposition during acid stimulation in sweet carbonate reservoirs. It will benefit defining a proper strategy to control iron carbonate deposition in downhole tubing and near-wellbore matrix. Appropriate mitigation strategies are recommended.

Key words: Iron carbonate, acid stimulation, mechanism

Acid stimulation is a frequently used technology to enhance the production rate of hydrocarbons from a reservoir. Severe iron carbonate deposition has been observed recently during acid stimulation in sweet carbonate gas wells, especially for high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) wells. It offsets the performance of acid stimulation, causes severe flow assurance issues, such as formation damage and tubing blockage. To study iron carbonate formation during acid stimulation, corrosion coupon tests were conducted to collect data of the corrosion rate and iron released from tubing during the acid injection stage of acidizing treatment. To simulate iron carbonate depositing in the near-wellbore region, scale prediction software (ScaleSoftPitzer) was applied to simulate the scaling tendency and potential mass deposition. This allows an insight into the iron carbonate precipitation. Results show iron carbonate deposition during acid stimulation is a corrosion induced scale issue. A high concentration of iron can release from tubular due to severe corrosion during acid injection, especially for the high-temperature reservoir. Minor iron carbonate could deposit at the initial stage of acid injection due to low the pH of spent acid. However, sever iron carbonate can precipitate when spent acid with pH ~3.8 mixes with formation water. A large amount of iron carbonate could deposit in the near-wellbore region or tubing, which potentially causes severe flow assurance issues and offsets the performance of acid stimulation. This paper presents a fundamental study to understand the mechanisms of iron carbonate deposition during acid stimulation in sweet carbonate reservoirs. It will benefit defining a proper strategy to control iron carbonate deposition in downhole tubing and near-wellbore matrix. Appropriate mitigation strategies are recommended.

Key words: Iron carbonate, acid stimulation, mechanism

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