AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Cracking in Aging Austenitic Stainless Steel on Cryogenic Pipeline Application

Product Number: 51319-13205-SG

Author: Pongpat Lortrakul

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Many unexpected cracks occur in aging of more than eighteen years old austenitic stainless steel on cryogenic pipeline application. The operation needed to be disrupted before undertaking repairs or maintenance; resulting in delay transmission. Systemic Root Cause Analysis reveals that random cracks initiated on external surface when operating condition reaches room temperature. Degradation of cold thermal insulation provides accessibility for air-borne chloride to the pipelines. Fatigue crack propagation through metal is driven by thermal stress during start/stop service operation period proven by microstructure analysis and NDT inspection result. An assessment suggests that the pipeline need to be replaced. Corrosion controls on further pipeline are established.

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Creating Decorative Concrete: Materials and Methods

Product Number: 41206-240-SG

Author: Jamie Farny

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

Using concrete for enhancing a property’s value has opened the door to a wide variety of new materials and techniques, which are described and compared here.

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Crevice and Pitting Corrosion of Stainless-Steel and Nickel based alloys in Deep Sea Water

Product Number: 51319-13123-SG

Author: Erwan Diler

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The exploration and exploitation of deep seawater presents promising prospects for many industries. Hence the use of reliable materials resistant to corrosion is required.In natural seawater many parameters can influence the kinetics of corrosion such as: temperature oxygen content biofilm and fouling activity flow rates and hydrostatic pressure.For passive material such as Cr Ni Mo stainless steels and nickel-based alloys the specificity of the above parameters in deep sea environment might have an impact on both initiation and propagation phases of localized corrosion e.g. pitting and crevice corrosion. Currently there are still many uncertainties on the corrosion behavior of these materials in deep seawater; Actually the results obtained in laboratory cannot be extrapolated to deep seawater since the levels measured in deep sea of some of these influential parameters weren’t reproduced accurately in these experimental studies. In parallel field data on the corrosion behavior in deep seawater is rather scarce especially for recent materials such as Lean Duplex Stainless Steel. For example phenomena that are induced by biofilm formation and can increase the localized corrosion risk such as the so-called potential ennoblement i.e. an increase in the open circuit potential (OCP) by about + 0.350 V and the increase of the cathodic current are not yet well documented.In this study 13-Cr Stainless Steel Austenitic Lean Duplex Duplex Super Duplex Super Austenitic Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels and Nickel based alloys were exposed during 11 months at 1020 and 2020 m water depth in the Atlantic Ocean. For comparison non-resistant materials such as carbon steel and 13-Cr were also exposed. The susceptibility to pitting and to crevice corrosion were assessed. PVDF crevice gaskets at two different pressures namely 3 and 20 N/mm² were used to assess the crevice corrosion. Potential monitoring was performed in-situ in order to characterize the formation of the biofilm at the material surface. At each exposure depth the environment was characterized using environmental sensors e.g. temperature flow velocity dissolved oxygen salinity and biofilm sensors.The obtained results allow i) ranking the passive material in terms of corrosion resistance to pitting and crevice in deep water at 4°C ii) comparing biofilm activity and kinetics of corrosion at 1020 and 2020 m depth.

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Crevice Corrosion of Alloy 625 Strake Bands in Sea Water

Product Number: 51320-14254-SG

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

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Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Tropical Seas

Product Number: 51317--9327-SG

ISBN: 9327 2017 CP

Author: Dominique Thierry

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Differences between temperate and tropical sites in terms of electrochemical behavior (e.g. open-circuit potential and cathodic current for oxygen reduction). One difference is critical temperature for biofilm ennoblement. Results are discussed in terms of risk for crevice corrosion for stainless steels in tropical seas.

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Crevice Corrosion Performance of High Grade Stainless Steels and Ni-Based Alloys in Natural And Treated Seawater

Product Number: 51316-7196-SG

ISBN: 7196 2016 CP

Author: Dominique Thierry

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

To better understand and quantify the effect of crevice geometry, several crevice configurations simulating service conditions were evaluated including flanges assembled with gaskets, bolts mounted with nuts to plates, and the standard CREVCORR-type crevice formers.

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Crevice Crrosion of Copper as an Engineering Barrier of High-level Radioactive Waste Containers

Product Number: 51317--9162-SG

ISBN: 9162 2017 CP

Author: Maite Ochoa

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This work is aimed at determining the viability of oxygen-free copper as an engineering barrier of high-level radioactive waste containers.

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Critical Factors Affecting the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Additively Manufactured Ni-based Alloy in Chloride Containing Environments

Product Number: 51317--9345-SG

ISBN: 9345 2017 CP

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Additive manufacturing can manufacture components that were previously impossible - without compromising strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. The pitting corrosion resistance of a selective laser melted Nickel alloy has been evaluated by electrochemical methods.

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Critical Review on Sulphide Scale Formation, Removal and Inhibition

Product Number: 51320-14731-SG

Author: Bader Al-Harbi, Norah Aljeaban, Alexander Graham, Ken Sorbie

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Sulphide scales, namely iron sulphide (FeS), zinc sulphide (ZnS) and lead sulphide (PbS), are increasingly being encountered in gas/oil wells. These scales can present serious safety concerns, impair well productivity and limit access to downhole tools. There are many published research studies addressing sulphide scale removal and inhibition. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the governing processes of sulphide scale formation and prevention. Furthermore, there are contradictory results in the literature on issues such as the removal procedures and inhibition tests for sulphide scales. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to critically review the published work on sulphide scale formation, removal and inhibition, to address the factors that control them and to discuss some of the apparent discrepancies in published experimental studies.
The review discusses the formation mechanisms of different sulphide scales in relation to the sources and levels of Fe, Zn, Pb and the sulphide species. The experimental procedures used by different researchers to evaluate sulphide scale dissolvers and inhibitors are described, along with the performance results for the chemistries tested to remove or prevent sulphide scales.
Hydrochloric acid has been shown to outperform rival chemistries for dissolving sulphide scales, however the associated high corrosion rate and H2S generation has necessitated the development of other dissolvers to overcome such drawbacks. Several dissolvers based on chelating agent chemistries combined with catalysts provided high dissolution rates, and the dissolution results and the reaction mechanisms will be discussed in some detail.

Multiple factors have been shown to play a significant role in the inhibition efficiency of sulphide scale inhibitors including pH, salinity, temperature, scale formation sequence and mechanism, and the initial concentrations of sulphide species and scaling metals. In addition, there is a developing understanding of the significance of scale inhibitor consumption in these systems.
Understanding the formation mechanism is essential for accurate interpretation of scale-related issues in the field and for providing the correct treatment strategy. A more complete knowledge of these issues will lead to the further development of reliable procedures for generating dissolution and inhibition results and consequently improving the scale dissolver and inhibitor chemistries themselves.

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Cross-Linking Performance to Mechanism: Correlation of lining performance in flue gas desulfurization applications to cure mechanism

Product Number: 41212-703-SG

Author: Andrew Recker

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Some of the toughest environments for protective coatings to withstand are seen in the power industry, particularly within the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process. Temperatures within the different areas throughout the system may reach 350-450°F (177-232°C) and then be cooled to ambient temperatures upon shutdown of the unit.

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Crude Distillation Unit Protection Through Metal Cladding Testing And Implementation With Varied Regional Feed

Product Number: 51321-16876-SG

Author: Matthew MacWatters; Iain Hall

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Cryogenic Spillage Protection (CSP) on FLNG: Improving Safety Through Standardization

Product Number: 51317--8968-SG

ISBN: 8968 2017 CP

Author: Sebastien Viale

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Planned operation of natural gas liquefaction units offshore has raised new safety concerns. Technip has run a physical test program to investigate performances of insulation materials as well as developing a test method.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance