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Corrosion Resistance of the Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel UNS S31266 for Geothermal Applications

Product Number: 51317--8825-SG

ISBN: 8825 2017 CP

Author: Ralph Baessler

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Update on recent experiences from laboratory tests performed at service conditions for geothermal applications. Incorporated in a catalogue of suitable materials for applications geothermal power plants. Users shall be enabled to have a basis for designing such facilities.

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Corrosion Resistant Supersaturated Single-Phase Nanocrystalline Alloys

Product Number: 51319-13600-SG

Author: Joshua Abbott

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The ability to design and manufacture thermodynamically stable nanocrystalline alloys via electrodeposition has enabled new materials with significantly improved mechanical and corrosion properties. These new alloys are particularly well-suited for applications throughout the electronics transportation aerospace and oil & gas industries. Key to improved corrosion performance is the supersaturated solid solution structure of these single-phase materials eliminating microgalvanic corrosion common to multiphase alloys produced by traditional metallurgical methods. Furthermore the electrodeposition process allows for the fine tuning of alloy composition and subsequent corrosion properties. We have prepared and demonstrated improved corrosion performance among new Ni Zn and Al based nanocrystalline metal alloys. These coatings can provide protection on corrosion prone materials such as Al Cu Fe and Mg.

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Corrosion Risk Assessment and Corrosion Mitigation of Bottom Plates on Above ground Tanks

Product Number: 51319-12826-SG

Author: Mehrooz Zamanzadeh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

This paper describes the corrosion risk assessment and corrosion mitigation of bottom plates on aboveground tanks used for the storage. The standard method of determining the corrosiveness or the effectiveness of cathodic protection on a tank bottom is the tank-to-soil potential measurement. One of the problems associated with monitoring cathodic protection systems on tank bottoms is the inability to assess empty space under the tank or to place a reference electrode in close proximity to the underside of the tank resulting in measurements that may not represent the tank-to-soil potential at specific areas or at the center of the tank bottom. When utilizing earthen foundations soil analysis is useful to help determine whether the potential corrosion activity will be high enough to make cathodic protection necessary and whether cathodic protection will be a practical application to prevent corrosion. The advantages and disadvantages of each will be discussed. Determination of aggressive ions such as chlorides and sulfates along with measurement of moisture pH and resistivity at shallow and deep burial are helpful for further corrosion analysis. Predictive modeling based on soil corrosivity data will provide life expectancy or remaining life with moderate to high confidence levels. Corrosion mitigation techniques such as cathodic protection concrete foundations and VCI will be discussed briefly.In this paper case histories of corrosion perforation will be provided. On-site visual inspection magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection ultrasonic testing (UT) and evaluation of the external cathodic protection (CP) system will be considered in the failure analysis. The corrosion products were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to determine the possible corrosion mechanisms.

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Corrosion Risk Assessment Corrosion Mitigation Strategies and Repair For Aging Weathering Steel Transmission Pole Structures

Product Number: 51319-13312-SG

Author: Mehrooz Zamanzadeh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Accelerated corrosion of aging transmission structures in electric power transmission lines is a leading cause of in-service equipment degradation. Each year utility companies spend an increasing amount of their revenue on inspection and refurbishment of corroded structures and maintenance of the large population of aging structures has become a serious engineering and economic problem.As these assets age corrosion at the ground level is becoming a key risk to weathering steel structures as metal thickness loss leads to a reduction in structural strength potential asset failures reduced system reliability and costly repair or replacement. Preventative maintenance for steel structures has quickly become an important topic for engineers to consider both during design and in the field in order to reduce the costs of corrective maintenance many decades later.Accordingly effective and economically feasible corrosion mitigation techniques specifically designed for weathering steel transmission poles are in high demand.In this paper the principal corrosion mechanisms for weathering steel utility pole structures at and below the ground level will be discussed considering specifically; corrosion risk stress calculations FEA analysis corrosion mitigation and repairs.Coating and cathodic protection (CP) are the most effective methods for mitigating corrosion in aging transmission lines rovided that the designer considers the corrosivity of the environment the potential for and mechanisms of cathodic protection shielding characteristics for grounding and soil corrosivity. The potential to which the structure must be polarized also needs to be considered while taking into account the grounding and soil resistivity. This potential determines the degree to which the corrosion rate is reduced below grade.The case history portion of the paper will include actual projects that involved both accelerated corrosion at the ground level coating degradation coating selection and computer aided design for cathodic protection.Key Words: Weathering Steel Transmission Pole Ground-line Corrosion Protective Coatings Ground Sleeves Soil Corrosion Pack-out Corrosion Risk Assessment Cathodic Protection Welding Load Bearing Member FEA Analysis Transmission Structure Repair Protective Maintenance Corrective Maintenance

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Corrosion Risk Evaluation of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S82551 in Treated Seawater Injection Well Service

Product Number: 51317--9608-SG

ISBN: 9608 2017 CP

Author: Perry Nice

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In seawater handling systems, better dissolved oxygen controls would permit the use of more cost effective materials such as duplex stainless steel UNS S82551. Corrosion testing of tubes joined together with a proprietary premium threaded connection was performed in controlled seawater loops simulating service conditions at 30°C.

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Corrosion Scaling and Material Selection in Deep Geothermal Wells – A Case Study of IDDP-2

Product Number: 51319-13299-SG

Author: Morten Tjelta

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

In order to make the world’s energy consumption sustainable there is a need for reducing emissions of CO2 and to shift towards renewable energy sources. Geothermal energy has a large potential in certain parts of the world. One example is Iceland where the reservoir in IDDP-2 is around 450°C and 270 bar. This makes it attractive as a geothermal reservoir of high enthalpy supercritical water with the potential for conversion of large amounts of environmentally friendly energy.The IDDP-2 geothermal well has not been produced yet and hence the fluid composition is not known. Using available data for nearby wells and in particular IDDP-1 an estimate can still be made. A combination of high temperature and pressure the presence of corrosive agents (such as HCl and H2S) a low pH and (at least initially) reducing conditions gives rise to challenges related to materials selection.This paper summarizes part of a desktop case study that addresses corrosion and scaling issues for conditions relevant for the IDDP-2 geothermal well. Based on measured water pressure a depth of 4500 meters and assuming a hydrostatic model is valid the temperature and pressure profile along the well is estimated. Knowledge gaps such as lacking solubility data and corrosion rates at supercritical conditions are pointed out.

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Corrosion Sensors Led In-Service Performance Assessment of Steel Pile Wrapping/Jacketing Systems on Marine Structures in Australia

Product Number: 51320-14511-SG

Author: W. Green, G. Will, J. Katen, A. Collison

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The use of corrosion sensors for remote monitoring of infrastructure assets has become more frequent in recent years. Corrosion sensors utilizing the electrical resistance (ER) method have been developed, in which the resistance of a test sample is used to infer thickness change and hence corrosion rate. ER corrosion sensors have been deployed on various structures including marine wharves, bridges and coal processing facilities. On some marine wharf structures and some marine coastal bridges the performance of jacketed petrolatum-based tape wrapping systems on steel piles has been assessed including on steel piles suffering from accelerated low water corrosion (ALWC) and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The paper provides some relevant discussion of the corrosion and its mechanisms prevalent to marine wharf and bridge steel piles in Eastern Australia, Southern Australia and Western Australia as well as the pile wrapping/jacketing systems installed and being performance monitored in-situ. Details are provided of the corrosion sensors. An assessment of the results obtained to-date for up to 3 years of in-situ exposure has been made.

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Corrosion Studies Of An Additive Manufactured Alpha-Beta Ti Alloy

Product Number: 51321-16874-SG

Author: Kishore Venkatesan; Dimitri Conjan; Darren Fraser; David Ritchie; Sri Lathabai

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion Testing of Coating Materials for Geothermal Turbine Application

Product Number: 51317--9185-SG

ISBN: 9185 2017 CP

Author: Kolbrun Ragnarsdottir

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Development is needed for new materials to extend the life/reliability of surfaces used in geothermal turbines. Results of Tests and inspection of coatings on low carbon steel including; visual inspection, microstructural and chemical composition analysis with scannoing electro microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.

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Corrosion Testing of PM HIPed UNS N06625 and PM HIPed UNS R56400 in Geothermal Environment at Hellisheidi Site

Product Number: 51321-16708-SG

Author: Andri Isak Thorhallsson; Raja Khan; Malallah Al Lawati; Dagur Ingi Olafsson; Sandeep Irukuvarghula; Alessandro Sergi; Saemundur Gudlaugsson; Svava Davidsdottir; Helen Osk Haraldsdottir

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion under Hot Dilute Acidic Pre-Hydrolysis Biorefining Process

Product Number: 51320-15438-SG

Author: Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, Xue Han , Jing-Li Luo

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Hot dilute acidic pre-hydrolysis biorefining is a pre-treatment technology recently developed for converting raw biomass materials into sugar streams and other valuable intermediate chemicals at elevated temperatures. However, corrosion database of steels and alloys in hot dilute acidic solutions are very limited, resulting in the cost-effective selection of materials of construction difficult. Corrosion studies were thus performed to identify suitable alloys of construction and advance the understanding of how alloying elements (e.g., Cr and Mo) present in steels and alloys affect the formation and properties of surface oxides. In this paper, the corrosion performance of three alloys (UNS S31603, UNS S32101 and UNS N06625) in hot dilute sulfuric acids are introduced. The alloys exhibited active general corrosion and even pitting in the hot acidic solutions. Alloy 625 has better resistance to the hot dilute acid compared to SS 316L and duplex 2101. This may be attributed to the higher contents of Mo in the alloy. Long-term tests indicate that their corrosion rates are gradually increased with time. The introduction of 100 ppm Cl- from raw biomass feedstocks into the acid solution only has marginal effect on corrosion.

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Corrosion under Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Process

Product Number: 51320-15439-SG

Author: Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, Xue Han, Jing-Li Luo

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The corrosion modes and extents of three candidate alloys (UNS S31603, UNS S31000 and UNS N06625) was investigated under simulated hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) conditions. The effect of alkaline catalysts (K2CO3), operating pressure and flow rate on corrosion was also examined. Results indicated that the three alloys underwent general oxidation in hot pressurized water, of which SS 316 exhibited worse corrosion resistance compared to SS 310 and Alloy 625. The addition of K2CO3 resulted in a significant increase in the corrosion rates of the alloys, likely due to the formation of soluble metal hydroxides in basic environment. Environmental loop tests showed that higher operating pressure led to a marginal increase in the corrosion rates of SS 310 and Alloy 625. Increasing flow rate from 9 to 15 had no noticeable effect on the corrosion rates of the alloys in hot pressurized water at 310 C and 10 MPa.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance