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Material Selection for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Wells

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The goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels.1 While the world is slowly transitioning to more sustainable energy sources to reach this target, one of the ways to reduce the CO2 in the atmosphere is to capture it and store it in depleted gas fields. According to the IOGP1, the total number of CCS projects in Europe is 65 in 2022.2 The aim of these projects is to store around 60 MtCO₂/yr by 2030.

Product Number: 51323-18760-SG
Author: Willem Maarten van Haaften, Hisashi Amaya, Bostjan Bezensek, Yuji Arai, Brian Chambers, Hiroki Kamitani
Publication Date: 2023
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$20.00
$20.00

The goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels. While the world is slowly transitioning to more sustainable energy sources to reach this target, one of the ways to reduce the CO2 in the atmosphere is to capture it and store it in depleted gas fields. Multiple of these so-called Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects are being developed and they require a different design philosophy compared to conventional hydrocarbon projects. The material selection is an important and integral part of that. This paper shows how to assess and develop steel tubulars for the conditions in a CCS well. Potential failure scenarios due to low temperature embrittlement, environmentally-assisted cracking and corrosion are reviewed. Low temperature suitability is explored for carbon and low alloy steels using available test data, e.g. Charpy impact energy and fracture toughness data. A fracture toughness model is validated for low alloy material grades L80-1 and proprietary 110 ksi sour grade in this paper to support the CCS wells design framework. This is combined with other material selection strategies to mitigate the corrosion and cracking threats, and to achieve a safe and cost-effective material selection for the CCS wells.

The goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels. While the world is slowly transitioning to more sustainable energy sources to reach this target, one of the ways to reduce the CO2 in the atmosphere is to capture it and store it in depleted gas fields. Multiple of these so-called Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects are being developed and they require a different design philosophy compared to conventional hydrocarbon projects. The material selection is an important and integral part of that. This paper shows how to assess and develop steel tubulars for the conditions in a CCS well. Potential failure scenarios due to low temperature embrittlement, environmentally-assisted cracking and corrosion are reviewed. Low temperature suitability is explored for carbon and low alloy steels using available test data, e.g. Charpy impact energy and fracture toughness data. A fracture toughness model is validated for low alloy material grades L80-1 and proprietary 110 ksi sour grade in this paper to support the CCS wells design framework. This is combined with other material selection strategies to mitigate the corrosion and cracking threats, and to achieve a safe and cost-effective material selection for the CCS wells.

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Picture for Guidance for Materials Selection and Corrosion Control in CO2 Transport and Injection for Carbon Capture and Storage
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Guidance for Materials Selection and Corrosion Control in CO2 Transport and Injection for Carbon Capture and Storage

Product Number: 51322-17726-SG
Author: J. Sonke, S.J. Paterson
Publication Date: 2022
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The aim of this work is to identify an approach to materials selection and corrosion control that can address the specific requirements of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. This work is largely based on the accumulated knowledge and expertise that has been published. Besides the direct guidance from this document, specific topics may require more detail that can be found in the references.
Picture for Material Selection for anthropogenic CO2 injection: mechanical and corrosion performances of steels under dense CO2 with impurities
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Material Selection for anthropogenic CO2 injection: mechanical and corrosion performances of steels under dense CO2 with impurities

Product Number: 51323-18886-SG
Author: Cécile Millet, Guillaume Néel, Luciana Lima, Diana Rodriguez Barrera
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) are technologies aimed at capturing CO2, followed by transportation to a storage site and injection into one of several types of stable geological formations, to trap and prevent its subsequent emission. Though CO2 transport and injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) are known for over 40 years, new challenges arise when the CO2 source is anthropogenic, meaning with a human-cause origin and not natural (as in EOR). EU Directive 2009/31/EC states that CO2 streams from power stations or industrial plants "shall consist overwhelmingly of CO2" but may contain associated incidental substances (e.g., SOx, NOx, O2, H2S).
Picture for Corrosion evaluation of tubing steels and material selection in the CO2/H2S coexistent environme
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51318-11477-Corrosion evaluation of tubing steels and material selection in the CO2/H2S coexistent environment

Product Number: 51318-11477-SG
Author: Nai-yan ZHANG / Zhi ZHANG / Wen-tao ZHAO / Lian LIU / Taihe SHI
Publication Date: 2018
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To evaluate the applicability of the tubing steels, the corrosion behavior and stress corrosion cracking of tubing steels (P110S, P110-13Cr and duplex stainless steel 2205) were investigated under different H2S partial pressures and temperature.
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