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Water electrolysis is a process that uses electricity, potentially from renewable energy sources, to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Among water electrolysis technologies, alkaline electrolysis is the most developed and commercially available, but PEM electrolysis is emerging as a more efficient solution. It presents several advantages, such as the possibility to operate at high pressure and high current density for production of hydrogen.
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The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) spends over $50 million in steel bridge fabrication and shop painting annually. According to a recent Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored study by Appleman, approximately 7% of the cost of a steel bridge is budgeted for blast cleaning and primer application in most shops. FDOT knows that proper surface preparation and primer application are the best ways to assure long-term corrosion protection.
Steel corrosion in concrete structures. Accelerated corrosion tests were performed periodically and the corrosion rates at different time intervals were measured with linear polarization resistance (LPR). The change in the resonant wavelength over time was recorded using an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).
The Benefits of Steel Grit Blasting and Recycling was presented at the 2017 SSPC Conference. The white paper detailed the advantages of blasting with steel grit to clean a surface, remove rust, create a surface profile, and prepare a surface for coating. As a continuation, Steel Grit Blasting Improves Productivity and Quality has been written to inform contractors the purity the steel grit holds and contains once blasted on a steel structure and recycled through a four-stage cleaning process.
A simple search of the internet will tell you that the speed of sound of a material increases with temperature or decreases with temperature, depending on which sites you access. This paper looks at the effect of temperature on the speed of sound in coating materials and the subsequent effect of changes in temperature on the coating thickness readings, specifically on concrete, measured ultrasonically.
In the worldwide oil and gas industry, the application of epoxy phenolic coatings has been a dominant strategy to obtain high heat resistance from coatings and to mitigate corrosion under insulation (CUI) of both insulated carbon and stainless steel pipes operating up to 392°F (200°C). These coatings, however, are sensitive to overapplication, prone to cracking, and costly to repair when damaged.
Shot blasting as a mechanical surface preparation process is widely used in finishing metallic parts. Sophistication in the use of this technique could range from simple manual systems to computer-controlled equipment for preparing aerospace and automotive components.
A shrinking pool of quality employee candidates has made it increasingly difficult to hire good people for your business. A band of inferior hopefuls stand outside your door, hoping to gain entry and wreak havoc in your business – you represent the only barrier that keeps them from coming through. Being able to see through their smoke and mirrors will improve the odds of hiring someone that will represent you and your company well.
When two long-time operators of natural gas storage wells in southwestern Ontario merged, it was an opportune time for the combined company to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of cathodic protection (CP). Staff from both legacy operators expressed general satisfaction with the longevity of their storage wells, typically 30+ years, but they had relied on two different approaches to corrosion control: one had isolated wells from flowlines and operated without CP, while the second had resistively bonded wells to cathodically protected flowlines. For the second operator, typical well currents were in the range of ~3 A.
Several offshore field failures in recent years have been attributed to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) of high strength, highly corrosion resistant Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloys (PHNA’s) such as UNS N07716, UNS N07718 and UNS N07725.
Hence, HISC is a constant concern regarding subsea components subjected to high tensile stress, and the industry is searching for solutions to their technical needs: High strength corrosion resistant alloys (CRA’s) resistant to seawater (high Pitting Resistance Equivalent number (PREN)) but also resistant to HISC.
For PHNA’s, improved processing (chemical composition limits and processing temperatures) and improved quality control methods as well as refined acceptance criteria are all under consideration.