AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Strengthening Concrete and Steel Bridges Using FRPs

Product Number: 51218-093-SG

Author: Gregg Blaszak

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening has become a common technique used by many State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) around the country to address deficiencies with bridge structures. Carbon fiber strengthening systems are routinely used to strengthen pier caps, pier columns, concrete girders, impact damaged girders, and now steel structures. The paper will introduce the audience to the materials and the unique characteristics that make them so prized for repair and strengthening applications in civil infrastructure applications. Their use in bridge projects will be highlighted.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Electrochemical Corrosion Study of Cold Formed Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) In Extremely Low pH and High Chloride Conditions

Product Number: 51322-17782-SG

Author: Suresh Divi, Sri Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) is an austenitic solid solution strengthened nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy containing niobium. The high alloy content of alloy 625 enables it to withstand a wide variety of severe corrosive environments. In mild environments, such as ambient atmosphere, fresh and seawater, neutral salts and alkaline media, there is almost no attack.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking And Hydrogen Embrittlement of High-Strength Non-Magnetic Alloys In Hot Concentrated Brines

Product Number: 86162-SG

Author: J. G. Erlings, H.W. de Groot, J.F.M. van Roy

Publication Date: 1986

$20.00

Unexpected brittle failures of UNS NO5500 drill string parts and non-magnetic drill collars have recently been observed in cases where the UNS NO5500 components were galvanically coupled to carbon steel in concentrated salt solutions at temperatures between ambient and higher than 373 K. Cracking occured preferable at locations with a tri-axial stress condition (roots of threads) and has been ascribed to hydrogen embrittlement.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking Assessment of the Weldment of Newly Used Grade of and T HSLA Steel

Product Number: 51315-5961-SG

ISBN: 5961 2015 CP

Author: Ali AlShawaf

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour Of Thermally Aged Alloy 182

Product Number: ED22-17291-SG

Author: Siddharth Suman, Hans-Peter Seifert, Philippe Spätig, Stefan Ritter

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Alloy 182 is an austenitic (FCC) nickel base Ni-Cr-Fe-Mn weld metal that is used as a weld filler or weld pad metal to join stainless steel reactor internals, reactor instrumentation penetrations and main coolant piping to the low-alloy steel reactor pressure vessel. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in alloy 182 dissimilar welds is one of the most important material degradation problems and an ongoing issue in boiling (BWR) and pressurized water reactors (PWR) world-wide with potential safety concerns.
Thermally activated preferential local ordering (unlike atom pairs is greater than that in a random solution) of elements within a lattice, over spatial dimensions that are typically on the order of a few nearest neighbor spacing 20 to 50 Å (2 to 5 nm) is referred as short range ordering (SRO). SRO causes lattice contraction and induces additional stress which is claimed as the driving force for SCC in the alloy 600, alloy 690, and alloy 182.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-Inch Diameter Pipeline (X52)

Product Number: 51312-01130-SG

ISBN: 01130 2012 CP

Author: Mohammad Ajmal;

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

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STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF 304L STAINLESS STEEL AND 1 l/4 Cr - l/2 MO STEEL IN CAUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN SYNGAS SERVICE

Product Number: 51300-98590-SG

ISBN: 98590 1998 CP

Author: Sheldon W. Dean, Dharma Abayarathna, Russell D. Kane

$20.00

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Stress Corrosion Cracking Of A Stainless Steel Vacuum Tower Bottom Line

Product Number: 51321-16553-SG

Author: Xavier Roumeau/ Matthieu Devallée

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Grade 347 and Duplex Grade 2205 Stainless Steels in Refinery Simulated Media Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Chloride

Product Number: 51320-14406-SG

Author: K. Ravindranath, B. Al-Wakaa, R. Alazemi, N. Tanoli

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Stabilized austenitic stainless steel (SS) grade 347 is used extensively in high-temperature processes in the petroleum refining industry, while duplex SS (DSS) grade 2205 is a relatively newer material in the industry. Though these grades of SSs perform well in refinery process streams, there are incidents of failure of process equipment attributable to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The paper deals with a study on the cracking susceptibility of SS grade 347 and DSS grade 2205 in refinery simulated process environments containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The paper also reports the electrochemical behavior of these SSs in the medium containing hydrogen sulfide and chloride. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys was assessed by cyclic polarization experiments. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the alloys to SCC. The cyclic polarization studies indicate that the H2S – chloride synergism had a pronounced effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility of 347 SS, while the effect was marginal on the alloy DSS 2205. The SCC susceptibility of 347 SS and DSS 2205 is strongly influenced by hydrogen sulfide-chloride synergism. Initiation of corrosion pits and the sulfidation of active pits due to the synergism were the important steps in the initiation of SCC.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in CO2 Liquefaction Plant

Product Number: 51324-20393-SG

Author: Qiang Liu, Lawrence Lau, Shoba Kanda, Luigi Esposito

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Carbon dioxide is produced during ethanol fermentation. In order to prevent CO2 emission, gas CO2 is compressed, dried, liquefied, and injected into the reservoir for enhanced oil recovery. Under the operating condition of 2200 kPag and -20°C, the entrained ethanol is dropped out of liquefied CO2. The separated ethanol phase at local site resulted in trans-granular stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel piping and heat exchangers. The investigation involves CO2/ethanol phase behavior study, sourcing contaminants, and failure analysis. It is concluded that 1) ethanol stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the root cause of the failure in presence of water, chloride and oxygen at pH of 3.0. 2) hydrogen stress cracking is the secondary damage mechanism. Trace of H2S originated from sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in ethanol plant and was carried over to the liquefied CO2. Its concentration was increased in the ethanol phase. Mitigation of SCC is approached by reducing ethanol carry-over, minimizing O2 ingress, and lowering the level of other contaminants.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Superduplex Stainless Steels for Use in H2s Containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production.

Product Number: 51319-13370-SG

Author: Pilar Esteban

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are widely used in petroleum industries particularly for submarine gas and oil lines and other offshore applications because of their reasonable cost good mechanical and thermal properties and resistance to stress corrosion and pitting. It is generally accepted that these alloys present stress corrosion resistance in chloride media superior to austenitic grades as a result of the inhibition of the SCC initiation by pitting corrosion. In this paper it is studied the corrosion behavior of two grades 80ksi (solution annealed) and 125ksi (cold hardened) of superduplex composition UNS S32750. The two materials have been tested by two different methods: slow strain rate test (SSRT) and four point bend (4PB) at three different temperatures: 24ºC 90ºC and 232ºC. In this way the sulphide stress cracking corrosion (SSC) and the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at two different temperatures have been studied for both grades. The sour environment consisted of a mixture of gases: CO2 at 100 psi and H2S at 14.7 psi in contact with a solution of type A with initial PH of 3.5. The applied stress was 100% of the actual yield strength. Special attention has been made in the characterization of the tested specimens. In the case of SSRT the primary fracture surface and gauge section of the specimens have been examined directly by SEM to determine the presence of secondary cracking and brittle area. In the case of the 4PB metallographically prepared samples have been observed by optical microscopy and SEM to evaluate the presence of cracking and to analyze the origin and the propagation of the cracking.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking Testing Of Laboratory Processed 304/304L Stainless Steel Elbows And Pipe

Product Number: ED22-18591-SG

Author: Denise J Paraventi, Justin R Hesterberg, Tyler E Moss, and Stephen C Healey

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steels, while not as prevalent as that in nickelbased alloys such as Alloy 600 and Alloys 82/182, has been observed in the primary system of commercial pressurized water reactors. These instances of SCC have been associated with water chemistry issues and/or occluded regions; however, in many cases high levels of cold work were also present in the material as well.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance