AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Solvent-free Vinyl-Ester Lining Systems for Severe Corrosion Protection

Product Number: 51323-19253-SG

Author: Daniel Kessler, Ralph Marcks, Stefanie Dutschke-Wortmann, Christian Dutschke, Iris Zwick

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Handling, storing and processing of hazardous chemicals are important tasks not only in chemical industry globally but also in many other production facilities, e.g. automotive, energy, pharmaceutical. Different types of resistant linings are used prevent corrosion of plants and equipment, to protect against possible leakages, to prevent unforeseen downtimes and to guarantee environmental protection. Depending on the individual chemical, thermal and mechanical conditions within the local production environment different materials are used as internal linings in process or storage vessels, as floorings, as sealing layers, e.g. Epoxy Resins (EP), Polyurethane Resins (PU), Polyester Resins (UP), Polymethylmethacrylic Resins (PMMA), Furanic or Phenolic Resins (FU / PF).

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Solving Challenges in CP and Coating Surveys Through Technology Advancements

Product Number: MECC23-20064-SG

Author: Ashish Khera, P.Eng., Himanshu Joshi, Mohamed Ramadan, Bidyut Baniah C.Eng., Wael Bata

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipelines are laid in the harshest of environments. From enduring extreme heat in sandy environments to sub-zero temperatures near the Arctic Circle, pipelines have primarily two layers of defence – Coating and Cathodic Protection (CP), for managing the external integrity.

Majority of the traditional aboveground CP and Coating survey techniques being utilized in the industry are offered with several hurdles – the most important being the authenticity of the datasets being collected.

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Some Effects Of Surface Finish And LWR Environment On Environmentally-Assisted Crack Initiation In Alloy 182

Product Number: ED22-18329-SG

Author: M. Vankeerberghen, R.-W. Bosch, A. Dinu, M. Grimm, A. Hojná, P. J. Meadows, R. Novotny, F. Perosanz, Z. Que, S. Ritter, F. Scenini, A. Toivonen, L. Volpe, B. Zajec

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) of nickel-base alloys has been observed in the primary coolant of light water reactors (LWRs). One of the main issues is primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of Alloy 182 which has been a concern for a long time. For assumed or existing defects, disposition curves (crack growth rate as function of stress intensity factor) are available.

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Some Recent Corrosion Problems in Thermal Desalination Plants

Product Number: 51319-12816-SG

Author: Roger Francis

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Copper alloys are widely used for the heat exchanger tubes in both multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED) thermal desalination plants. Millions of metres of such tubing have been used and generally the copper alloys give good performance. In the last few years the author has looked at a number of failures from thermal desalination plants in the Middle East. These are not from one location but have occurred in different areas in different plants. The failure mechanisms are also different in each area. The common feature of the failures is that the corrosion mechanism for each one is well understood and they could all have been prevented by using a corrosion engineer at the design stage. This paper presents some of the diverse range of case studies and explains how they could have been prevented.

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Sometime More Is Just More: THPS Biocide Laboratory Kill Study on Wildtype Sulfate Reducing Bacteria.

Product Number: 51323-18858-SG

Author: J. Fajt

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a very common active ingredient in oil and gas biocides. While product labels provide broad guidelines application dosing the lowest effective dose of THPS is difficult to determine. Site water chemistry and bacteria biology variability will affect the dose need to achieve the desired level of bacteria population control. For these reasons biocide dose response studies are commonly conducted on solutions containing bacteria to determine the effect of treatments before application.

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Sour Corrosion Products Formed in High H2S Gas Wells

Product Number: 51319-12866-SG

Author: Qiwei Wang

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Sour corrosion products could have a significant impact on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in H2S environments. It is widely believed that the different iron sulfides have different effects due to their distinct physico-chemical properties. Therefore an in-depth knowledge on the formation conditions of these polymorphous phases is of virtual importance for the understanding of sour corrosion process.Many studies have been performed to determine the key factors such as temperature solution pH H2S partial pressure and the duration of exposure in the formation of polymorphous iron sulfides; yet their formation conditions stability and phase relations are still not fully understood. This is partially due to the complex nature of sulfide and iron chemistry and their sensitiveness to oxygen. Seemingly minor changes in test conditions can often lead to dramatically different results.In this paper we present a statistic study on the corrosion products formed in some high temperature and high H2S gas wells in Saudi Arabia. Large numbers of deposits collected from downhole tubulars and wellhead manifolds are characterized for phase compositions. Results show a wide range of mineral phases and significant variation among the samples analyzed. The polymorphous iron sulfides include pyrrhotite pyrite marcasite troilite mackinawite and greigite in the order of abundance. Ferric iron compounds such as hematite magnetite akaganeite goethite and lepidocrocite are also identified in many samples. In addition ferrous iron products especially siderite are often detected. Based on the deposit structure analysis the formation mechanisms of these different types of corrosion products are discussed. It is hoped that the results from this work will contribute to further understanding of the sour corrosion process and provide value for corrosion and scale mitigation in oil and gas fields.

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Sour Crack Initiation and Propagation Assessment of P110 and Q125RY Casing Materials in Mild Sour Conditions

Product Number: 51324-20617-SG

Author: M. Yunovich; B.D. Chambers; B.J.C. Thomas

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Currently, API 5CT P110 and Q125 grades are not suitable for sour-service per ANSI/NACE MR0175 / ISO15156 below 175°F and 225°F, respectively; however, there are indications that the materials can be resistant to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) under certain conditions where a combination of hydrogen sulfide concentration, applied stress, pH, and temperature results in a less severe environment. The primary driver behind the work was to identify an acceptable combination of the above variables that could enable the use of P110 and restricted yield Q125 (Q125RY) grades in mildly sour wells. The scope of work included testing three heats each of grades of seamless P110 and Q125RY casing/coupling stock; the tested heats were received from multiple manufacturers. The P110 materials were evaluated using Method A per NACE TM0177 Standard Test Method at varying temperatures (24°, 40°, 48° and 60°C) and partial pressures/fugacities of hydrogen sulfide (0.14, 0.5, and 1 psi); all materials were tested via NACE TM0177 Method D at ambient conditions and 0.14 psi of H2S partial pressure to establish resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) initiation and crack propagation.

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Sour Environmental Severity Based On Hydrogen Permeability And HIC/SSC Susceptibilities

Product Number: 51321-16543-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro/ Takuya Hara/ Daisuke Mizuno/ Nobuyuki Ishikawa/ Kyono Yasuda/ Eiji Tada/ Mitsuo Kimura

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Sour Gas and Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High-Strength UNS N07022 Alloy for Oil and Gas App

Product Number: 51317--9479-SG

ISBN: 9479 2017 CP

Author: Jeremy L. Caron

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Recent results of sour gas and hydrogen embrittlement testing of CW N07022 alloy will be presented. The test results of CW N07022 alloy will demonstrate that it offers superior properties to precipitation-strengthened Ni-base alloys for demanding oil and gas applications.

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Sour or Not Sour? That Is the Question: A Review of The NACE “Sour Limit” – Evolution and Implications for Modern Oil & Gas Production

Product Number: 51321-16626-SG

Author: Eric Caldwell/ Russell Kane/ Brian Chambers

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Sour Service Limit Of 17% Cr Stainless Steels Grades For OCTG

Product Number: 51321-16637-SG

Author: Toshiyuki SUNABA/ Susumu HIRANO/ Thiago MESQUITA/ FranceHerve MARCHEBOIS/ Thierry CASSAGNE

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Sour Service Qualification of Carbon Steels (SMYS 450 MPa) and Their Welds Considering Field H2S Fugacity / Dissolved H2S Concentration - Qualification at Design and Atmospheric Pressure

Product Number: 51324-20609-SG

Author: Jiangnan (Hugh) Zhang; Ramesh Rao; Felipe Ramirez; Adam Darwin

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) qualification program was conducted for carbon steel components (piping, flanges, and fittings with SMYS 450 MPa) and its welds for an offshore facility piping system that may carry off-spec gas in the event of a temporary malfunction of the dehydration and H2S removal units. The off-spec sour gas may contain 22% mol CO2 (pCO2 73 bara) and 6,700 ppm H2S (pH2S 2.22 bara) at a total pressure of 332 bara and temperature of 24 °C with condensed water pH of 3.2. The SSC qualification program included two parts. Part I involved testing at 332 bara using batch-loaded high-pressure autoclaves based on H2S fugacity (fH2S) as permitted by NACE MR175/ISO 15156-2. Part II involved testing at atmospheric pressure by matching the predicted dissolved H2S concentration of the aqueous phase (cH2S) and by matching the predicted fH2S of the gas. Part I and Part II tests were conducted using the same set-up (NACE TM0177 Method A tensile) and stress (75% AYS). Hardness readings taken at the base material (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM) were below 250 HV10 near the root and mid-section of the rings (with couple of single reading exceptions along the HAZ for the rings involving flanges and fittings). Hence, most of the tested carbon steel rings could have been considered suitable for sour service through compliance with NACE MR0175 /ISO 15156-2. Nevertheless, post-examination of test specimens revealed susceptibility to SSC in both Part I and Part II tests. These lab results suggest that NACE MR0175 /ISO 15156-2 guidance on carbon steel SSC resistance, which is based on hardness, is not always conservative.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance