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This presentation will compare and contrast several anti-corrosive tidal zone coatings developed under a Navy SBIR program. Requirements for the coating included no VOC’s, surface tolerance to chlorides and water, fast cure to avoid washout by tides and waves, and thick build properties. Various trials of the material on dock sheet pilings and cooling tower fallout zones will be illustrated as well as accelerated lab test data.
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On October 4, 2011, SSPC held the inaugural meeting of a new committee developed to address commercial coatings and flooring issues. The committee is called, “C3 Commercial Coating Committee (Architectural, Commercial, Institutional).” The committee agreed to address five topic areas: field cleaning and painting, paint materials, flooring, thin film air/vapor barriers on Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU), and commercial contractor certification. Key concerns in each of the topic areas were identified which resulted in the following scopes and work activities.
The super-austenitic grade Alloy 35Mo has recently been developed and already been installed in shell-and- tube heat exchangers globally. The grade has shown excellent results in different laboratory tests. However, the grade must also be tested in industrial environments, which will take some time until results can been obtained.
The compatibility of neat chemicals when exposed to capillary and umbilical materials during injection is key to the smooth operation of chemical treatment programs in the oilfield and can be catastrophic if a failure occurred in the umbilical string during deepwater operations. The requirement of low viscosity for chemical injection through capillary strings and umbilicals make methanol the solvent of choice in many cases. Products formulated with methanol that contain chlorides and a low amount of water (less than 5 wt %) frequently hinder the ability of stainless steels and corrosion resistant alloys to repassivate. This work describes the development of a synergistic combination of two additives that dramatically improve both the breakdown and the repassivation potentials of such materials like 316L stainless steel and Duplex 2205. Most of the experiments were conducted using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) on neat chemicals and verified using long-term neat chemical exposures to various materials to verify the CPP results.
Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery! These days, imitating nature has produced some amazing discoveries. New coatings are being introduced with properties that come straight from Mother Nature and ad d a whole new dimension to materials.
The use of ASTM 4060 Tabor Abrasor Testing has long been the standard for comparing the wear characteristics of different coating systems. This has been done with standard impregnated rubber disks to allow for the industry to look across companies and compare the abrasion resistance of different products. With different coating systems gaining acceptance into artificial lift well applications a desire for a similar test method that allows for evaluating the wear of coating on coating rod guide on coating and rod guide on liner has arisen. This paper will outline the development of a modified test protocol for ASTM 4060 to allow for comparible testing of different polymeric materials under defined repeatable conditions.
Coating industry trends has driven increased use and interest to develop more efficient and durable thermal insulative coatings. The key areas for this expansion are to reduce corrosion under insulation, increase occupational safety and reduce energy loss. Key features of these water-based coatings are low thermal conductivity, high hydrophobicity and adhesion along with an emerging interest to have greater heat resistance and stability. This paper will introduce a new water-based silicone hybrid resin to accompany the two novel microporous composite granules; one with high thermal insulative efficiency and the other, a pure hydrophobic synthetic silica pearl shaped filler to optimize thermal insulation efficiency as well as offering mechanical stability and reduced cracking in these highly filled coatings. The new platform offers the formulator options to leverage all new technologies together or separately when a compatible binder is needed to increase thermal heat stability and flame-retardant performance. Coatings and formulating details will be highlighted with thermal degradation of binders, surface temperature comparison for “Safe Touch” coatings, thermal conductivity (Lambda - mW/mK), contact angle measurements along with fire retardance test and direct flame testing using various thermal insulation fillers.
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is a leading cause of concretedeterioration such as spalling cracking and delamination of reinforced concrete structures.This paper describes a new self-powered two stage anode system used to control corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. This two-stage system combines the high level performance of an impressed current cathodic protection system (ICCP) with the long-term maintenance-free capabilities of an alkali-activated galvanic cathodic prevention system (GCP).Impressed current and galvanic corrosion protection systems are beneficial in extending the service life ofchloride contaminated and damaged concrete structures. ICCP systems are typically powered by an outside DC power source such as a transformer/rectifier and can provide a lifetime of corrosion protection if suitably maintained. Galvanic systems use metals such as zinc that are more electronegative than steel in concrete. Galvanic systems are often used when simplicity is desired as there is no power supply involved and maintenance is minimal.This single-unit second generation hybrid system does not require complex wiring or an external DC power supply. Once installed the anode automatically provides an initial phase of high charge density that passivates active corrosion (Stage 1). The anode automatically switches to provide long-term maintenance-free galvanic protection (Stage 2) when the impressed current stage is complete.As a result this self-powered two-stage system provides a long-term maintenance-free corrosion protection alternative for reinforced concrete structures.
Corrosion’s destructive effects on critical steel infrastructure have costly economic and securityimplications for the United States. According to a NACE International report from 2001, the annualcorrosion costs in the United States industrial sector were $47.9 billion per year, with the largest portionstemming from the maintenance of critical utilities such as gas, water, electric, and telecommunications. Catastrophic failure due to corrosion jeopardizes the resilience of critical utilities, risking the interruption of service to millions and creates weak-points the nation’s homeland security.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the predominate type of mineral scale formed in many industrial water processes including oil and gas production. Comprehensive and accurate knowledge on the CaCO3 scaling risk is critical for the effective scale management. Currently scale risk assessment is largely depends on thermodynamic simulation which predicts the saturation state under given conditions there are very limited experimental or field data on scaling kinetics. Previous works on temperature effect were investigated on nucleation and precipitation in bulk solutions which didn’t involve the CaCO3 adhesion and accumulation on existing surface. The pressure effect is considered in scaling tendency calculation but its potential impact on scaling kinetics is usually neglected.This paper presents the laboratory results of CaCO3 scaling kinetics at various temperatures (80-150°C) and pressures (500-5000 psia). Tests were conducted with a dynamic tube blocking apparatus which measures CaCO3 scale buildup by monitoring hydrostatic pressure differential (DP) across a capillary tubing and the time for scale formation was determined. Test waters were maintained at similar CaCO3 supersaturation state at different temperatures and pressures by adjusting bicarbonate concentration. Results show that under the test conditions scaling rate was accelerated by both temperature and pressure. CaCO3 scaling time was shortened approximately 2 times when pressure was increased from 500 psi to 5000 psi at the same temperature and similar supersaturation state. For examples scaling timeis decreased from ~65minutes to ~40minutes at 80°C and from ~40 minutes to < 20 minutes at 125°C with pressure changed from 500 psi to 5000 psi..This study provides new understanding on the mineral scaling kinetics by identifying the pressure dependence of CaCO3 scale formation process. Experimental results show that pressure other than its impact on solubility has additional kinetic effect on CaCO3 scaling rate. This kinetic effect should be included in the scaling risk assessment especially for the high pressure systems.