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The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported a 20-40% increased risk of certain types of cancer, lung cancer in particular, for those who come into regular contact with, or work with paint. This paper will give a highlight on the challenges that are facing the adoption of green paints in a variety of applications and the current status for that including paint formulations, supply chain, and community education.
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Over the past 40 years, three-coat systems consisting of zinc-rich primer, epoxy intermediate and polyurethane topcoat (ZEU) have been the preferred coating system for steel bridge structures in highly corrosive environments due to their proven performance and cost effectiveness.1-6 Each layer serves a different function: galvanic protection is supplied by the zinc-rich primer, while the epoxy intermediate coat provides barrier to water and salts, and the polyurethane topcoat resists against ultraviolet degradation, abrasion, and chemicals.
Strategies to improve the heat transfer rate and efficiency of a power plant must carefully balance a trinity of factors: the overall capital expense associated with the technology, the ongoing savings during normal plant operations, and the downtime and labor required for installation and implementation. These economic concerns have slowed the adoption of protective and/or functional surface treatments in power plant operations; traditional epoxies used to prevent biofouling and scale deposition can only be applied to brand new equipment, and the coating will limit heat transfer due to its insulating nature and applied thickness.
The potential extension of the lifetime of nuclear power plants has cultivated an interest in the long-term aging behaviour of materials such as concrete. Since concrete is a complex material and its properties evolve with time, the effect of prolonged radiation exposure is of high interest and needs to be understood. Cracking and radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE)(Le Pape et al., 2020) of the mineral components in aggregates occur as a result of neutron radiation and depends on several factors including the chemical nature and mineralogical characteristics of the aggregates such as composition, crystallinity, grain size, and phase distribution.
In this work, we use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to observe the response of a single interdigital transducer (IDT) sensor to different wetting conditions, including electrolyte volumes and concentrations. Deliquescence of solid salt particles in a dynamic-humidity atmosphere is examined.
Scale deposition is one of the most important and serious problems which can limit or block oil and gas production. Scale deposit and corrosion attack on the L80 steel removed from the oil fields were observed using several analytical techniques including 3D scanning microscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This multipronged approach provided a detailed image of scale-chronology and content of the scale in terms of phase composition and chemistry. Cross-sectional SEM examinations showed scale-chronology showing various phases at depending on the chemistry and other parameters in the well at different times. The TEM and XRD studies gave information about the amorphous and/or nanocrystalline nature of some of the formed corrosion products. The XRD and SEMresults revealed the formation of iron hydroxides iron sulfide iron chloride on the steel surface in the biotic system. Strontium sulfate barium sulfate and calcium carbonate were deposited on the corrosion products. Morphology differences between microbial corrosion pits and non-microbial corrosion pits were studied. The investigation shows that the steel surface has been significantly corroded by pitting corrosion microbial corrosion flow corrosion etc. . The SEM results showing pitting corrosion of the steel surface under the comprehensive action of the metabolism of microorganism. Pits caused by the microbial action showed many tiny pores crammed together when observed at high magnification. The research results have good reference value and guiding significance for the establishment of scale model and the selection of corrosion protection methods.
Corrosion of metallic structures is a ubiquitous problem in industries such as power generation, oil and gas, pulp and paper, metals processing etc. which also results in significant financial losses. According to the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International report, the global cost of corrosion was ~ 2.5 trillion USD in 2013 - close to 3.4 percent GDP of the entire world. The use of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most effective and economical ways to mitigate corrosion of metal and alloy components. Corrosion inhibitors are substances that are added in small quantities in corrosive media to protect metal and alloy components from corrosion.
Many coating product data sheets call for surface profiles of 3-4 mils. Others call for 1.5-2 miles surface profile for a very similar coating type – why should this be? To start to understand this we need to first of all look at why we measure the surface profile on steel surfaces. It pretty much comes down to two main things.