AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Integrity Assessment Case Studies of Time-Dependent Threats

Product Number: 51319-12928-SG

Author: Chukwuma Onuoha

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

This paper summarizes pipeline integrity risk assessments that were conducted on different oil and gas pipelines. Internal external and stress corrosion cracking threats were comprehensively assessed considering historical records and several susceptible factors that were specific to each threat. The result of the risk assessment is a ranking of each pipeline based on known and established parameters which affect the likelihood or probability of a corrosion related event occurring and the “consequences” of a corrosion related failure. This paper will substantiate presented arguments using comprehensive case studies discussing risk assessments of various threats practical experience and lessons learnt.Key Words: Pipeline Integrity Risk Assessment Internal Corrosion External Corrosion Stress Corrosion Cracking Inline Inspection ACVG DCVG ACCA Cathodic Protection Indirect Inspection Severity Classification Data Interpretation.

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Integrity evaluation of offshore wind structures utilizing complementary monitoring techniques

Product Number: 51323-19292-SG

Author: Annika Martina Diederichs, Anders Nilas Rosborg Black, Khadijeh Nastaran Jafari, Birit Buhr

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

To categorize the level of corrosion internally in uncoated offshore wind turbine structures a combination
of different online monitoring systems has successfully been utilized combining findings from online
corrosion monitoring, continuous water level monitoring and online water quality monitoring.

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Integrity Evaluation of Seventy Years Old Veteran Pipeline

Product Number: 51317--8961-SG

ISBN: 8961 2017 CP

Author: Mushaid Nauman

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Assessment of a 70-year old pipeline is carried out. This paper discusses the assessment challenges, inspection findings and recommendations given to keep this old offshore/onshore unpigable giant in service.

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Integrity Maintaining and Cost Saving Advanced CUI Detection Technique (PEC)

Product Number: MPWT19-14242

Author: Amro Hassanein, Ahmed Elsharkawi

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a major problem for petroleum and petrochemical process industries that affects the plant mechanical integrity and attacks assets. CUI can result in sudden and hazardous leaks (safety concern), and plant shutdowns with high losses of production (economical concern).
Traditional detecting methods of CUI to cut a window in thermal insulation used to inspect visually, to measure the thickness, and then return thermal insulation back, giving high chance for water and moisture ingress, accelerating CUI, moreover big amount of scaffolding erection along with thermal insulation removal required.
SHARQ (Eastern Petrochemical Company, one of SABIC companies) is pioneer to study CUI, evaluating many Non–Destructive techniques has proven Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) as the most effective technique in terms of integrity and cost optimization.
Considering all available techniques, all aspects studied, such as range of applications, features, and limitations, it is concluded and verified to meet our inspection plan strategy needs.
PEC does not require thermal insulation removal; optimize scaffolding erection, has a wide range of applications related to thickness, and temperature. PEC approved by international codes and standards (API) to meet RBI Meridium software requirements.
The validation study results show cost savings of more than 50% compared to traditional thickness measurement methodology, moreover it reduces EHSS (Environment, Health, Safety, and Security) negative impact reduces the probability of safety incidents due to reducing labor, man-hours, and eliminating many associated activities with potential hazard and risk.
PEC has high productivity, easily operated, and provides comprehensive and professional inspection report

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Integrity Management of Oil Wellheads and Flowlines Having Scaling

Product Number: 51317--9323-SG

ISBN: 9323 2017 CP

Author: Abdul Razzaq Al-Shamari

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Wells in South Burgan field showed increase in water cut with drop in oil production. Some showed scale formation. Fluid sampling, radiography and ultrasonic thickness scanning were done. Recommendations were made for controlling internal corrosion and scaling. Work carried out is detailed.

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Integrity Operating Window Development for Refinery Units and Implementation Through a Digital Platform

Product Number: MPWT19-15288

Author: Giulia TREVISAN RINA, Flavia CAMPANELLI RINA, Claudio CAMPANELLI RINA, Fabio MONDELLO RINA

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Integrity operating windows can be developed to account for any changes occurring during plant
operation that affect expected damage rate or susceptibility to damage.
A five-step methodology based on API RP 584 advice was developed for consistent identification of
integrity operating windows and subsequently applied to several plant units in different refineries.
A digital dashboard was also developed for collecting and trending all the parameters affecting each
IOW and possibly for performing advanced data analysis (which may lead to the development of
predictive models). This represents a further step towards reliable implementation of integrity
operating windows and their positioning within an asset integrity management framework.

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Intelligent Corrosion Prediction using Bayesian Belief Networks

Product Number: 51319-13372-SG

Author: Michael Smith

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Accurate knowledge of corrosion location severity cause and growth rate is critical to pipeline integrity and in‑line inspection (ILI) is widely regarded as the most reliable and convenient method of obtaining such knowledge. Much industry effort has therefore centred on improving the metal loss detection and sizing capabilities of ILI tools.However when ILI data are lacking or unattainable operators must seek alternative ways to monitor the integrity of an asset. For managing internal corrosion Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) is perhaps the best known alternative. ICDA employs the engineering analyses of corrosion and flow modelling to identify areas at high risk from internal corrosion. The highest priority areas are excavated and directly examined in order to establish the condition of the pipeline. This combination of corrosion and flow modelling can be used to provide detailed corrosion predictions but in the absence of ILI data selection of excavation sites can be problematic. The inherent randomness and uncertainty in the models means that the outputs must often be overly conservative; consequently ICDA can be a costly process with no guarantee of quality.The shortcomings of ICDA (and related methods) create a need for a more reliable and accurate corrosion prediction solution which does not require a pipeline to be inspected using ILI. This paper explores the use of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) for this purpose. BBNs are graphical models capable of integrating expert knowledge and data into a single system; ‘expert knowledge’ is captured through industry standard corrosion modelling techniques while ‘data’ is captured through historical ILIs for piggable pipelines. A trained BBN can then be used to make predictions for pipelines without ILI data based on a knowledge of their operational conditions alone.Using case studies on real pipelines it is demonstrated that BBNs can lead to more intelligent predictions of internal corrosion behaviour and improved pipeline integrity management decisions.

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Intellisyn™ - A New Class Of Multifunctional Smart Particles For Advanced Corrosion Protection

Product Number: 51322-17959-SG

Author: Benjamin Pearman, Xuejun Zhang, Dillon Campbell, Victoria Scarborough, Stephen Dickey

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Left unprotected, metals corrode quickly which over time contributes to the loss of structural integrity and the failure of buildings, bridges, oil & gas platforms, airplanes, cars and many other metal assets, all of which pose a risk to human safety and the surrounding environment. In 2016, the National Association for Corrosion Engineers (NACE) – now known as AMPP – published a landmark study, well-known to those attending this conference, that estimated the direct cost of corrosion to the world economy as $2.5T per year, equivalent to 3.4% of the Gross World Product (1). In the United States, the annual cost of corrosion is estimated at 3.1% of gross domestic product (2), equivalent to $635B (2018). When including indirect costs, such as asset downtime, ship dry-docking and the impact of bridge collapses, the cost of corrosion is estimated at twice that amount.

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Interaction of a Faulty AC Power Conditioning Capacitor Bank with Welded Steel Pipeline

Product Number: 51321-16221-SG

Author: Cal Chapman, P. E.

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Interfacial and Corrosion Characterization of Zinc Rich-Epoxy Primers with Carbon Nanotubes Exposed to Marine Bacteria

Product Number: 51317--9465-SG

ISBN: 9465 2017 CP

Author: Homero Castaneda-Lopez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this work, a marine environment due to the presence of marine bacteria was exposed to three zinc-rich epoxy coated-steel samples with different carbon nanotube additions. The electrochemical activity was monitored by using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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Interference Study between a Solar Array Power Station and a Transmission Pipeline

Product Number: 51324-21051-SG

Author: Andres Peratta; Cristina Peratta; John Baynham; Nora Villamizar Piñeros; Didier Lozano Abril

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

It is nowadays becoming increasingly common for new onshore structures and electrification systems to be installed in close vicinity to existing underground pipelines already equipped with their own CP and earthing systems. The problem with sharing common right of way between different structures is that their different earthing and CP systems are likely to interfere with each other. The coupling may reduce the performance of the individual designs or lead to major problems such as stray currents or shielding effects. Numerical modelling of these types of scenarios allows identifying such problems in advance, gaining understanding on the nature of the interference, and evaluating possible mitigation strategies. In this work the impact of constructing a solar power station across a set of transmission pipelines is investigated. The pipelines are protected by an ICCP system. The solar array includes galvanized piles and copper earthing system. The territory is mainly composed of clays or muds with flat and slightly undulating shapes with average resistivities in the order of 900 O-cm. Simulation results are presented showing the status of the pipelines before and after the solar array is constructed, as well as the solar array considering that the pipeline does not exist. The results show that the solar array piles and earthing system have measurable effects on the CP potentials on the pipeline.

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Intergranular Oxidation and Oxygen Transport in Ni-20Cr During Exposure to Model Dry and Wet Oxidation Environments

Product Number: ED22-17329-SG

Author: Martin Weiser, Daniel K. Schreiber, Karen Kruska, Mark H. Engelhard, Matthew J. Olszta

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The austenitic Ni-base Alloy 600 has been extensively used as structural material in primary water reactors (PWR). Despite good resistance against general corrosion in water-cooled nuclear power reactors, the material has been susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). These observations have led to ongoing discussions of the underlying embrittlement mechanism(s). Internal oxidation of the grain boundary (GB) at typical operating temperatures is one such mechanism, although debate continues on the exact mechanisms at play.

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Individual Conference Papers

Integrity Assessment Case Studies of Time-Dependent Threats

Integrity evaluation of offshore wind structures utilizing complementary monitoring techniques

Integrity Evaluation of Seventy Years Old Veteran Pipeline

Integrity Maintaining and Cost Saving Advanced CUI Detection Technique (PEC)

Integrity Management of Oil Wellheads and Flowlines Having Scaling

Integrity Operating Window Development for Refinery Units and Implementation Through a Digital Platform

Intelligent Corrosion Prediction using Bayesian Belief Networks

Intellisyn™ - A New Class Of Multifunctional Smart Particles For Advanced Corrosion Protection

Interaction of a Faulty AC Power Conditioning Capacitor Bank with Welded Steel Pipeline

Interfacial and Corrosion Characterization of Zinc Rich-Epoxy Primers with Carbon Nanotubes Exposed to Marine Bacteria

Interference Study between a Solar Array Power Station and a Transmission Pipeline

Intergranular Oxidation and Oxygen Transport in Ni-20Cr During Exposure to Model Dry and Wet Oxidation Environments

Association for Materials Protection and Performance