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This paper summarizes pipeline integrity risk assessments that were conducted on different oil and gas pipelines. Internal external and stress corrosion cracking threats were comprehensively assessed considering historical records and several susceptible factors that were specific to each threat. The result of the risk assessment is a ranking of each pipeline based on known and established parameters which affect the likelihood or probability of a corrosion related event occurring and the “consequences” of a corrosion related failure. This paper will substantiate presented arguments using comprehensive case studies discussing risk assessments of various threats practical experience and lessons learnt.Key Words: Pipeline Integrity Risk Assessment Internal Corrosion External Corrosion Stress Corrosion Cracking Inline Inspection ACVG DCVG ACCA Cathodic Protection Indirect Inspection Severity Classification Data Interpretation.
Assessment of the external coating condition of underground pipelines depend on the use of approved external corrosion direct assessment (ECDA) indirect inspection techniques such as alternating current voltage gradient (ACVG) alternating current attenuation (ACCA) and direct current voltage gradient (DCVG). Efficient application of these techniques (especially ACVG and DCVG) to ensure optimal detection and prioritization of coating anomalies largely depend on a myriad of factors including: depth of cover probe spacing current level and soil resistivity.Research and industry experience have shown that normalization of key factors such as current level probe spacing and depth of cover led to accurate detection and prioritization of coating anomalies for ECDA and coating assessment projects. However there have been scenarios where known coating faults have not been detected with DCVG and ACVG even when key factors were considered during the indirect inspection.This paper will present case studies that showcase instances where the optimization of coating anomaly detection and prioritization methodologies led to a successful execution on ECDA projects and prevented unnecessary pipe bell-hole excavations. In addition lessons learned from scenarios where known coating faults were not detected with voltage gradient surveys will be presented.Key Words: Pipeline Integrity ACVG DCVG ACCA Cathodic Protection Indirect Inspection ECDA Pipeline Integrity Management Program.
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This paper will show improvements in interpretation of direct current voltage gradient % IR and how accurate selection of pipeline coating rehabilitation location based on this concept would lead to improvements in cathodic protection performance. Case studies from previous external corrosion direct assessment digs will be presented.