AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Effect of Calcium Ions and CaCO3 Scale on the CO2 Corrosion Mechanism

Product Number: 51319-13000-SG

Author: Hamed Mansoori

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Calcium ions are usually present at high concentrations in brines produced with oil and gas. Such brines are typically saturated with respect to CaCO3. Consequently precipitation of CaCO3 as scale on the internal wall of the pipeline can readily occur due to changes in operational and environmental parameters when produced fluids are transmitted from downhole to surface facilities. Despite its importance there is minimal research in the literature addressing the effect of calcium ions and specifically CaCO3 scale on the CO2 corrosion mechanism. Moreover the available literature on this topic is contradictory with undefined water chemistry and flow characteristics of the employed experimental setups. This highlights the need for further systematic experimental studies in this frequently ignored area of corrosion research. The main objectives of this work were to further broaden the mechanistic understanding of CO2 corrosion of mild steel (pH from 5.5 to 6.2 with [Ca2+] from 160 to 6000 ppm to simulate CaCO3 saturation) and evaluate the protectiveness of CaCO3 (without the interference of ferrous ions) against further corrosion; a novel experimental methodology was developed and utilized. The corrosion behavior was studied in situ by electrochemical methods including linear polarization resistance (LPR) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) along with weight loss (WL) methods for a UNS G10180 with ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. Surface characterization of the scale and corrosion product was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Unprotective CaCO3 scale was observed to act as a mass transfer barrier that can promote surface conditions favoring FeCO3 precipitation. Contrary to previous reported research the presence of CaCO3 scale did not result in onset of localized corrosion at the conducted experimental conditions.

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Effect of Carbide Equilibrium State on the High Temperature Hydrogen Attack Resistance of2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

Product Number: MECC23-20193-SG

Author: M. A. M. Alshahrani;

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Steel components in refineries and petrochemical plants are exposed to conditions of temperatures higher than 200°C with high pressures of hydrogen. Such conditions avail the driving force needed for the hydrogen to dissociate and penetrate the steel surface. Once the atomic or nascent hydrogen is within the steel microstructure, it can react with the carbon present, usually in carbides, to form methane gas within the steel structure as suggested by the below reactions:
[C]α + 4[H]α → [CH4]gas (1)
where α refers to ferrite.

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Effect of Carbon Content on Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance for UNS S34751 with Extra Low Carbon Content

Product Number: 51319-12783-SG

Author: Takahiro Osuki

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking (PASCC) of conventional austenitic stainless steel is serious problem at desulfurization units in petroleum refinery.Post Weld Heat Treatment after welding and/or neutralization treatment using alkaline solution are required during each turn around to prevent PASCC according to NACE SP0170-2012.It has been known that proprietary version Type 347LN has superior PASCC resistance even if without Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) compared with Type 347(H) or Type 321(H). Although the proprietary version Type 347LN is lower C content compare with standardized C content range (0.02%) to suppress precipitation of M23C6 carbide it is not reported that the effect of the slight variation of C content to PASCC resistance.Therefore the relationship between C content and PASCC resistance was investigated by using long term aged samples with simulated welding Heat Affected Zone.　As the result it was clarified that the strict control of C content less than 0.015% was effective to keep superior PASCC resistance under extra low C content range less than 0.02%.Key words: Polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking Sensitization Proprietary version Type 347LN Hydroprocessing C content matching filler weld metalBest regardsTakahiro Osuki from NSSMC

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Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide on the Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Corrosion

Product Number: 51317--8933-SG

ISBN: 8933 2017 CP

Author: Teresa Perez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The purpose of this review is to discuss environmental effects, especially hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide on pitting susceptibility of low alloy steels and corrosion resistant alloys.

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Effect of Cathodic Polarisation on Localized Corrosion of 25Cr in Seawater

Product Number: 51319-12870-SG

Author: Roy Johnsen

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Duplex stainless steel (25Cr) can suffer from corrosion in seawater at temperatures exceeding 20 deg.C. To prevent corrosion cathodic protection from attached sacrificial anodes are often used. However this can cause hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) on the alloy assuming tensile stresses above certain levels occur in the component. Some HSC failures have been observed on submerged seawater pumps assemblies made from 25Cr duplex stainless steel protected by sacrificial anodes. To avoid HSC to initiate anodes have been removed on some pumps. Despite the fact that seawater temperature are below 20 deg.C severe localised corrosion attacks have been observed after the anodes have been removed.This presentation gives an overview of the outcome from a test program examining the effect of pre-cathodic polarisation of 25Cr duplex stainless steel on critical crevice/pitting temperature and the anodic polarisation curve. Both welded samples and base metal in addition to different cathodic polarisation levels have been examined. The effect of cathodic polarisation on the oxide layer thickness and composition have been examined with SEM EDS and XRD.The test results show that there is astrong reduction in critical crevice/pitting temperature due to pre-cathodic polarisation. This effect is caused by a change in the oxide layer composition after cathodic polarisation.

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Effect of Cementite on the Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel with Tetradecyl Phosphate Ester in CO2 environment

Product Number: 51323-19309-SG

Author: Shuai Ren, Xi Wang, David Young, Marc Singer, Maalek Mohamed-Said, Gregory Moulie, Mioara Stroe

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Internal corrosion of pipelines associated with oil and gas production and refinery has always been a challenge for corrosion engineers. Over the past decades, corrosion engineers have made significant progress in developing mitigation approaches to protect these carbon steel pipelines by using corrosion inhibitors (CIs), corrosion resistant materials, and various cleaning techniques. Among all these mitigation strategies, corrosion inhibitors are considered as the first choice in handling the internal corrosion of pipelines.

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Effect of Chemical Environment and pH on AC Corrosion of Cathodically Protected Structures

Product Number: 51317--9352-SG

ISBN: 9352 2017 CP

Author: Andreas Junker-Holst

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

AC corrosion of structures under cathodic protection (CP) is a major concern for pipelines. This work investigates the effect of soil constituents - earth alkali elements Ca and Mg - believed to have a large influence on the precipitation of hydroxides and carbonates in front of a coating damage.

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Effect of Chloride on the SCC Behavior of Carbon Steel Welds Exposed to Concrete Pore Water under Anoxic Conditions

Product Number: 51323-19029-SG

Author: B. Kursten, R. Gaggiano

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In all nuclear power generating countries, high-activity, long-lived radioactive waste is an unavoidable by-product of the contribution of this energy to the global electricity generation. Disposal in deep, stable geological formations is, at present, the most promising option accepted at an international level for the long-term management of these wastes. Geological disposal relies on a combination of engineered (man-made) barriers and a natural barrier (the host rock), in order to prevent radionuclides and other contaminants ever reaching concentrations outside the container at which they could present an unacceptable risk for people and the environment.

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Effect Of Chromium Dilution On SCC Growth Rate In Inconel Welds

Product Number: ED22-17109-SG

Author: Ainsley Pinkowitz, David S. Morton, Tyler E. Moss, John V. Mullen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Naval Nuclear Laboratory has developed Alloy 52i, a high chromium (~27 wt%) weld metal that can be welded onto Alloy 600, Alloy 625, or Alloy 690 wrought material. Alloy 52i by itself has shown to be very resistant to SCC in deaerated pure water. However, there is a concern when welding Alloy 52i onto the more SCC susceptible Alloy 82H or Alloy 600 that the first weld bead would be chromium diluted by the mixing with the lower-chromium base metal. This lower chromium level may lead to higher SCC susceptibility than the surrounding weld metal, since chromium content has shown a correlation with nickel alloy SCC susceptibility. In commercial nuclear power applications, many plant components are limited by SCC propagation in welded components within the weld metal; this test program seeks to understand which weld combinations, with respect to chromium concentration, may yield deleterious SCC properties for improved lifetime of plant components.

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Effect of Cl? Concentration on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 434 Stainless Steel in High-Temperature and High-Pressure CO?-O? Environment

Product Number: 51315-5973-SG

ISBN: 5973 2015 CP

Author: Wei Liu

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Effect of CO in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Pipelines in CCS Environments

Product Number: 51324-20647-SG

Author: Gaoxiang (Garret) Wu; Jose Rafael Vera; Ken Evans; Chong Li; William Kovacs

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of various possible impurities in carbon capture and storage (CCS) streams. As a by-product of the methane reforming process to produce blue hydrogen, CO is combusted and converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) and transported in pipelines. However, a trace amount of CO in the presence of oxygen (O2) and water can cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in carbon steel pipelines. This paper assesses the SCC risk of carbon steels induced by CO at different concentrations with or without O2 in lab simulated dense phase CO2 environments. Electrochemical measurements were also conducted to reveal the pseudo-passive behavior of carbon steels in different CO/O2/CO2 systems, and to help understand the resultant SCC behaviors.

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Effect of Cold-work on Repassivation and Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steels and Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51317--9083-SG

ISBN: 9083 2017 CP

Author: Gaoxiang Wu

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The strain-induced accelerated corrosion has been reported for many alloys used in structural and functional applications. . Results from electrochemical tests on specimens of carbon steel A569 with different amounts of cold-work are discussed in this paper.

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Individual Conference Papers

Effect of Calcium Ions and CaCO3 Scale on the CO2 Corrosion Mechanism

Effect of Carbide Equilibrium State on the High Temperature Hydrogen Attack Resistance of2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

Effect of Carbon Content on Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance for UNS S34751 with Extra Low Carbon Content

Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide on the Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Corrosion

Effect of Cathodic Polarisation on Localized Corrosion of 25Cr in Seawater

Effect of Cementite on the Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel with Tetradecyl Phosphate Ester in CO2 environment

Effect of Chemical Environment and pH on AC Corrosion of Cathodically Protected Structures

Effect of Chloride on the SCC Behavior of Carbon Steel Welds Exposed to Concrete Pore Water under Anoxic Conditions

Effect Of Chromium Dilution On SCC Growth Rate In Inconel Welds

Effect of Cl? Concentration on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 434 Stainless Steel in High-Temperature and High-Pressure CO?-O? Environment

Effect of CO in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Pipelines in CCS Environments

Effect of Cold-work on Repassivation and Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steels and Stainless Steels

Association for Materials Protection and Performance