AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Effect of Complex Deformation on Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304/304L Stainless Steel Elbows in Aerated and Deaerated Water

Product Number: ED22-17115-SG

Author: William C. Moshier, Kevin B. Fisher, Justin R. Hesterberg, and Denise J. Par

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth in 300-series stainless steels (SS) exposed to high temperature water is known to generally increase with increasing levels of cold work. The influence of cold work on SCC has been reported for both oxygenated boiling water reactor (BWR) normal water chemistry as well as for hydrogenated pressurized water reactor (PWR) water chemistry.

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Effect of Concrete Moisture on Macrocell Development in Repair of Reinforced Concrete Substructure with UHPC

Product Number: 51319-13474-SG

Author: Mahsa Farzad

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been introduced for reinforced concrete structures due to its enhanced mechanical performance including high compressive strengths and tensile compacity. In certain applications such as at closure joints connections and concrete repairs reinforcing steel may be embedded in dissimilar concrete elements partially incorporating the UHPC. Superficially UHPC can be considered to provide enhanced corrosion durability in marine environments due to its low permeability which would mitigate chloride-induced corrosion of rebar in the bulk material. However the localized galvanic effects of steel in dissimilar concrete in aggressive environments can be important. For example steel embedded in the concrete perimeter of repair patches can undergo premature corrosion failure after repair due to the halo effect. This research exploring the corrosion durability of steel embedded in dissimilar concretes incorporating UHPC examines the extent to which enhanced chloride transport may occur at the cold joint. The effectiveness of the bond at the concrete interface (with various levels of moisture availability at the time of UHPC repair) to minimize chloride penetration was examined. To this effect the substrate concrete was conditioned to moisture content (5% 75% 100% RH and wet) prior to UHPC repair concrete casting. Chloride penetration was accelerated by an impressed current and chloride content was assessed by concrete sampling at the cold joint as well as in the bulk concrete and potentiometric titrations.

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Effect of corrosion products evolution/transformation on the localised/pitting corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in sour environment

Product Number: 51319-12943-SG

Author: Frederick Pessu

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Carbon steel remain the most commonly used material in most oilfield applications. The susceptibility of carbon steel to various forms of corrosion is one of the major drawbacks to its remarkable economic and metallurgical advantages. Localized and/or pitting corrosion carbon steel used in oilfields is one aspect of its limitation that is very common and yet most unpredictable and difficult to mitigate against. The nature of the environment is also a key contributor to the evolution of localized and/or pitting corrosion especially in complex oilfield environment containing both H2S CO2 and other acid gases. The presence of H2S in a corrosion environment often introduces some complexities to the localized and/or pitting corrosion behaviour of exposed carbon steel materials. As a protection against uniform corrosion iron sulphide has been shown to form and has received much attention in the scientific literature. The evolution of iron sulphides (stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric) during the corrosion process of carbon steel is still not fully understood. This makes the already difficult challenge of predicting pitting/localized corrosion of carbon steel more complex and challenging especially since the electronic (and so conducting properties of iron sulphides) can mean that anodic/cathodic reactions can be supported on what are corrosion products or deposits on the corroding surface. This work focuses on understanding FeS formation evolution; dissolution and/or transformation using a combination of different electrochemical responses such as Linear and Tafel Polarization combined with post-experiment surface analysis such as XRD and SEM. It builds on and complements the large literature in this area. The study is carried out in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution saturated with two different sour corrosion systems; H2S-CO2 and H2S-N2 at 80°C and for up to 21 days. The relationship between the processes of FeS formation evolution; dissolution and/or transformation and the evolution of localized and/pitting corrosion is also established. Pitting and/localized corrosion characterization is achieved using 3D surface profilometry which allows characterisation of discrete pit parameters such as depth diameter etc.

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Effect of CP on the Occurrence of SCC in X80 and X100 Pipe Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment

Product Number: 51317--9147-SG

ISBN: 9147 2017 CP

Author: Li Yan

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this work, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 and X100 pipe steels under various cathodic protection (CP) levels in near-neutral pH environment was investigated. The results showed that X100 tended to form longer SCC cracks compared to X80 steel.

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Effect Of Cr On Corrosion Performance Of Steels In Supercritical CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51322-18049-SG

Author: Kaiyang Li, Xue Han, Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In recent years, several novel technologies have been proposed and developed to produce energy in a clean and sustainable way. However, in the foreseen future, fossil fuel will still be the major source to meet our needs on energy.¹ The combustion of fossil fuel for power and heat is always accompanied by CO₂ emission, which is believed to be in large correlation to global warming.² To control the CO₂ emission and reduce the negative effects, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been rapidly developed in fossil fuel combustion power plants.^{3, 4} One of the crucial parts of CCS is the longdistance transportation of CO₂, during which a large amount of captured CO₂ is transported to storage sites. Pipeline network is chosen as transportation system due to its high efficiency and moderate cost.⁵ And the transported CO₂ streams are usually compressed into supercritical CO₂ (s-CO₂).⁶

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Effect of Crevice Former on the Crevice Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel in Synthetic Tap Water

Product Number: 51317--9412-SG

ISBN: 9412 2017 CP

Author: Seon-hong Kim

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

To restrain the failure of plate heat exchanger in customer boiler working fluid, the effect of crevice former type on the corrosion behavior of Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel plate was investigated using electrochemical methods and surface analysis in chloride-containing synthetic tap water.

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Effect of Critical Alloying Elements and Impact of Various Corrodants on Steels and Alloys in Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Conditions

Product Number: 51324-21224-SG

Author: Minkang Liu; Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Hydrothermal liquefaction represents a promising thermochemical technology for the conversion of wet biomass and biowaste streams into bioenergy products. However, the realization of its full potential is impeded by significant knowledge gaps related to corrosion damage experienced by reactors in the conversion environment. In this study, we investigated the influence of alloying elements on corrosion processes through a combination of thermodynamic calculations and autoclave tests. The impact of various amount of corrodants were also assessed. Our findings indicate that chromium plays a dominant role in corrosion resistance in both Fe-based steels and nickel-based alloys. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of a specific nickel-based alloy, UNS N08825, also depends on the existence of corrodants and amount of chromium present, leading to varying performance in different HTL conversion environments.

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Effect of Cure Time on Corrosion Protection of Epoxy Polysiloxanes in Immersion Service

Product Number: 51323-19091-SG

Author: Carter Gulsvig, Allen Skaja, Bobbi Jo Merten

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion prevention on infrastructure subject to water immersion exposure has become more challenging due to the regulation of volatile organic compound (VOC) content in protective coatings. Legacy coating systems, such as vinyl solutions, afforded service lives of 30 to 50 years and were robust enough to endure cyclic exposure in impacted immersion service and stable against ultraviolet (UV) light exposure in atmospheric environments. Coal tar enamels are anoth er historic coating that has provided 50- to 100-year service lives as liners for small and large diameter pipes.

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Effect of Curing Time on the Performance of Novolac Internal Tank Coatings - a Realistic Assessment Using Laboratory Testing

Product Number: 51324-20588-SG

Author: Amal Al-Borno; Moavin Islam; A. Al Hashem; Hasan Sabri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Novolac coating systems are widely used for internal applications in tanks and pressure vessels due to their excellent corrosion resistance under aggressive conditions, their availability, and ease of application. Typically, these coatings require a curing time before putting the coating into service is typically around 7-8 days at (at 20-25o C). During the vessel shutdown, the production schedule sometimes demands compromising the curing process of the lining. This puts a time constraint on the end-user in terms of coating project duration. In response to this challenge, a major oil producing company was interested in finding out if shorter curing times would be suitable to reduce the downtime. The main objective of this study was to conduct a detailed laboratory investigation on the effect of different curing times on the coating performance of four Novolac systems selected from three different manufacturers. The assessment of coating curing involved a series of tests, including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses, shore-D Hardness, X-cut adhesion, and pull-off adhesion tests. Additionally, standard laboratory coating performance tests were carried out, consisting of water immersion, cathodic disbondment, autoclave in multi-phase environments at elevated pressure and temperature, as well as atlas cell (cold-wall effect) tests. The investigation results demonstrated that even though the coatings were not fully cured, all four coating systems showed acceptable laboratory performance, after just 1 day of curing. This implies that these coatings may be put into service much earlier than the specified curing period of manufacturer which would significantly reduce the project downtime during maintenance. Subsequent field test results (not reported here) confirmed the laboratory findings.

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Effect of Cyclic Torquing on the Corrosion Resistance and Nut Factor Consistency of Coated High- Strength Steel Bolting

Product Number: 51319-13268-SG

Author: Omar Rosas-Camacho

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Almost every piece of equipment and machinery in the Oil and Gas industry requires the use of bolted joints due to numerous advantages that they offer regarding productivity and maintenance however these advantages vanish by inadequate materials selection and installation procedures. Most anti-corrosion coatings applied to bolts do not offer a consistent tightening and they are affected by torqueing during assembly; the nut factor relates the bolt’s installation torque to the tension required to tighten the bolt maintaining a consistent nut factor would solve problems such as over-torquing and corrosion resulting from the coatings peeling-off which may lead to leaking from the joint and even to joint failure. Organic coatings have historically suffered from flaking and peeling when torqued hence metallic coatings such as Ni-Co electroplating may offer a more reliable performance.In order to obtain experimental data comparing the behavior of coatings used in bolted joints simulating service conditions cyclic torquing (up to 5 cycles) was applied to fasteners with different coatings and the nut factor and corrosion resistance was evaluated. The tested samples were B7M ASTM A193/A193M bolts and 2HM ASTM A194/A194M nuts with the following coating conditions: 1) No coating 2) Ni-Co Electroplating 3) zinc undercoat with PTFE topcoat and 4) TSA / PTFE. All samples were tested with dry runs (no lubricant) and two different commercial lubricants. A Skidmore-Wilhelm load cell was used to apply the cyclic torquing and to calculate the nut factor on each cycle. Corrosion tests were performed before and after torquing following ASTM G59 standard and environmental exposure following ASTM B368 standard to evaluate the materials corrosion resistance without torque. Ni-Co electroplating showed a better performance compared to the other tested coatings it offered the highest nut factor consistency and the lowest corrosion rate after the cyclic torqueing and after environmental exposure.The main impact of this work is providing consistent and reliable test data about nut factor and corrosion resistance of coatings; this data can be used to compare available coated fasteners for selection of the best solution for bolting in oilfield and industrial application. Ni-Co electroplating is featured as a coating that provides corrosion resistance and nut factor consistency regardless the number of assembly/disassembly cycles it is proposed as a solution to avoid joint leaking and likely catastrophic failures.

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Effect of DCB Side Groove Geometry on KIssc Results

Product Number: 51323-19469-SG

Author: Sebastián Cravero, Maria José Cancio, Martín Valdez, Gustavo Kissner, Pedro Olivo

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Due to the increasing interest of the O&G industry on high grade tubulars working at high pressures, the assessment of operational conditions of Oil country Tubular Goods (OCTG) subjected to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) is of particular importance.

AMPP adopts different test methods to evaluate material susceptibility to SSC in wet H2S environments, for which, Method D according to NACE TM0177 determines a quantitative value of material resistance using a Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimen that can be used for design and qualification purposes. This is a crack arrest type fracture mechanics test that can be traced back to the work of Heady in 1977 in which the material resistance to propagation of environmental cracks is expressed in terms of a critical stress intensity factor, KIssc.

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Effect Of Deleterious Grain Boundary Phase In N07725 On HISC Resistance And Performance Of An Optimized Alloy

Product Number: 51323-19252-SG

Author: Andreas Keplinger, Greg Chitwood, Jan Platl, Marianne Kapp

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel-base alloys are frequently used as engineering materials in the Oil & Gas industry. They excel because of their outstanding combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. In that regard, alloy N07725 is of high interest as it offers better corrosion resistance than the widely used N07718, while also offering better high temperature strength than solid-solution nickel-base alloys.

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Individual Conference Papers

Effect of Complex Deformation on Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304/304L Stainless Steel Elbows in Aerated and Deaerated Water

Effect of Concrete Moisture on Macrocell Development in Repair of Reinforced Concrete Substructure with UHPC

Effect of corrosion products evolution/transformation on the localised/pitting corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in sour environment

Effect of CP on the Occurrence of SCC in X80 and X100 Pipe Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment

Effect Of Cr On Corrosion Performance Of Steels In Supercritical CO2 Environments

Effect of Crevice Former on the Crevice Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel in Synthetic Tap Water

Effect of Critical Alloying Elements and Impact of Various Corrodants on Steels and Alloys in Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Conditions

Effect of Cure Time on Corrosion Protection of Epoxy Polysiloxanes in Immersion Service

Effect of Curing Time on the Performance of Novolac Internal Tank Coatings - a Realistic Assessment Using Laboratory Testing

Effect of Cyclic Torquing on the Corrosion Resistance and Nut Factor Consistency of Coated High- Strength Steel Bolting

Effect of DCB Side Groove Geometry on KIssc Results

Effect Of Deleterious Grain Boundary Phase In N07725 On HISC Resistance And Performance Of An Optimized Alloy

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