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New methods for monitoring scale and corrosion inhibiting water treatment programs have been developed. These new patented methods utilize the measurement of system consumption of actives in the treatment program by fluorescence analysis.'-' The applied dosage of treatment program and the amount of actives available to the system are measured with inert fluorescent tracers added to the treatments.
System consumption of actives is defined as the difference between the amount of actives added and remaining in the system. 2,5- 7 Consumption measurements determine changes in the whole operating system (not a simulated, small portion of the system). Consumption measurements can also be made on individual portions of the system (heat exchangers). Changes in consumption of inhibitors and dispersants can .be related to changes in system operating conditions and performance. Reducing consumption of actives or maintaining consumption within a specified range can be related to optimization of the operation of the cooling system and treatment program.
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Current and impending environmental regulations are leading to the development and use of new technologies in a variety of marine and protective coatings applications. Among the various challenges presented to the coatings industry, the desire to decrease the level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in traditional solventborne coatings ranks among the most prevalent.
With a history of proven performance in architectural and industrial coatings and the ability to adhere to less-than-ideally prepared substrates, alkyd resins have remained at the forefront of coating technology for well over 50 years. With such an established history, alkyds are often thought of as old technology and synonymously associated with flammable solvents and high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These historical associations are not the contemporary story.
The evaluation of clear waterborne acrylic coatings as topcoats in field-applied protective coating systems will be described. Clear coatings were evaluated over both waterborne and solventborne systems. The results of the effects of waterborne systems on properties such as corrosion resistance, gloss, and accelerated weathering will be discussed.
Coatings designed for heavy duty applications in the Marine & Protective Coatings market are exposed to aggressive environments such as strong chemical solvents, marine atmospheres, UV light, abrasion, among others. Nowadays, the major part of the commercially available products that target this industry are solvent borne.
This presentation briefly updates a two-part article printed in Water Engineering & Management in 2001. It begins with the benefits of waterborne coatings and gives examples of where they may be used.
A formulated nanoparticle dispersion increases the cross linking of waterborne protective coatings without reducing the formula shelf life. Among the cross linking-related improvements are MEK rub resistance, humidity and immersion resistance, tensile strength and blocking resistance. The findings are in accord with a non-covalent mechanism of cross linking.
The development of environmentally-friendly corrosion resistant coatings is one area of recent focus in the coatings industry. For example, the Department of Defense owns more than 460,000 facilities around the world and reports the annual cost of corrosion of around $800 million. The coatings used on these structures frequently rely on older polymeric coating systems that do not meet the current requirements for environmental/regulatory concerns.
Coatings are utilized in a wide variety of applications (floor, wall, roof, etc.) and on many different substrates (concrete, steel, drywall, etc) in commercial architectural settings, and performance requirements will obviously vary depending on the intended use and environment.
Coatings are constantly being asked to go to greater extremes, such as lower VOC and higher performance. This paper will discuss coating technologies that are being asked to go beyond the typical protective and aesthetic aspects of coatings and offer other functions. Several types of waterborne functional coatings will be described, including technologies for combating noise, heat, and air pollutants.
Watermain failures are not often recognized as corrosion but are usually referred to merely as “watermain breaks” because watermain pipe appears sound prior to failure. Some of the causes of watermain breaks are poor design, improper installation, surge or water hammer, soil movement, manufacturing defects, impact, internal corrosion, and external corrosion. Figure 1 shows some of the possible causes of the DI pipe.
Concrete and other cementitious surfaces are porous materials that will allow water and soluble contaminants to penetrate the structure leading to degradation. The effects of degradation can include efflorescence, laitance and physical defects such as cracking and spalling. Waterproofing concrete can protect it from freeze/thaw cycles, increase chemical resistance, and provide protection to imbedded reinforcing steel.