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Adhesion is a physical property that is crucial in many coatings, sealants, and adhesive applications, be it automotive, marine, or aerospace for example. Pull-off adhesion testing is an important tool in evaluating a coating’s performance, particularly while comparing pre- and post-exposure results. No matter what the application, the method for testing adhesion along with selecting the appropriate testing criteria has been the subject of multiple studies and reviews in the historical literature.
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The AC interference between High Voltage AC (HVAC) power lines and pipelines has been modelled with various software programs all of which have a variety of input data which results in various results and outputs.Important aspects such as the soil resistivity along the pipeline route can have a significant impact on the pipelines coating resistance. This in turn affects both the computed AC voltages and current densities both of which can significantly affect personal safety and corrosion of the pipeline.Therefore the spacing between these field measurements along the pipeline route can have a significant effect on the pipeline integrity. Soil resistivity measurements collected every 1000ft versus every 5280ft (1 mile) can have a dire consequence on the corrosion results and the matter is exacerbated where these soil resistivity measurement values change significantly along the route. The accuracy of the soil resistivity field data relative to the actual routing (wetlands rivers low and high resistivity’s etc.) will also affect the correct placement of the AC Mitigation (grounding) as well as the resistance of the grounding which in turn has a cost implication to the asset owners and/or operators.Other aspects such as the power line LEF/EMF may also be used to “calibrate” the AC Interference especially where load data is absent.This paper addresses the critical importance of collecting adequate data for the AC Interference studies to prevent costly installations and to mitigate the incorrect positioning of AC Mitigation systems due to inadequate information.
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Metals and their alloys offer high strength and outstanding mechanical properties. When exposed to corrosive conditions metals corrode first creating minor aesthetic problems then with time and further corrosion significant damage and a loss of service life. Corrosion has a demonstrated economic impact on all modern societies. Often multi-layer anticorrosion coatings systems protect the metal from corrosion.
More and more High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) sour wells are operated worldwide. Challenging material selection is required for such severe operating conditions.1,2 Very high strength materials, presenting yield strength above 896 MPa (130 ksi), are required for sustaining the pressure. Consequently, even a low amount of H2S in the gas phase may lead to a H2S partial pressure beyond the limit of 3.5 mbar (0.05 psi) established in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard.3 Indeed, both high yield strengths and partial pressures of H2S contribute to a situation where the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) is high. The present paper is focusing on the SSC resistance of 130 ksi minimum yield strength material developed for covering such HPHT applications.
South Ghawar Producing Department has exerted substantial efforts towards executing a seldom project of replacing numbers of extraordinary vessels. Those horizontal vessels were recommended for replacement due to major and excessive Step Wise Cracking, irregular blister and inclusions identified in several traps. These vessels are subject to Hydrogen Induced Cracking, known as HIC and this is mainly SGPD facilities were constructed on old time where SAES was not mandating to utilize HIC resistance material. In 2014, a company wide survey started and as a result 27 out of 121 were identified with HIC damage. To overcome these challenges, SGPD developed a robust action plan, which consists of two parts:● Long Term Plan which is replacing the impacted vessels with upgraded material “HIC resistance material”● Short Term Plan to continue the safe and reliable operation of impacted vessels until the vessels are replaced by managing and monitoring HIC growth.With the short and long term action plan, SGPD controlled HIC concern in affected vessels. But we didn’t want to stop here and we wanted to go the extra mile and add a proactive measure rather than only reactive. Therefore, we partnered with R&DC to implement a proactive initiative at SGPD as the first department in Saudi Aramco called Step-Wise Hydrogen Induced Cracking Toolkit which falls under IR.4.0.
Vinyl coatings have long been used in the hydro industry for steel structures. As VOC regulations and product availability have changed, owners have moved toward alternative technologies to replace those systems. The intent of this information is to understand the status of vinyl technology, identify and discuss other systems that have historically been used as an alternative, and to review the possibilities of new technologies for these applications.
Vinyl Esters are highly chemical resistant polymers that provide an excellent foundation for the building blocks with which to line the interior of a Flue Gas Desulfurizatoin System. Understanding that vinyl ester systems cure through polymerization in order to provide the proper environment and achieve maximum results is necessary.
Viscous Elastic Coatings easily overcome many of the common issues that cause traditional coating to fail. Viscous elastic coatings offer immediate adhesion without the need for primer, require minimal surface preparation and form a homologue, continuous, self-healing protective layer.
Maximizing coating system longevity reduces total ownership costs to the US Navy fleet. Coating performance is directly tied to achieving proper film thickness control across the entire project surface. A novel concept of using digital camera/filters in synergy with MIL-PRF-23236 coating technology with enhanced optical properties provides unique inspection capabilities.
Corrosion is responsible for the deterioration of steel structures over time. Thus, there are billions of dollars lost each year worldwide, due to leakage of materials transported in metallic pipelines, as well as the need for repair and replacement of materials. Cathodic protection is one of the main ways to minimize or even suspend the corrosive process, along with the application of protective coatings on metallic structures.