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Picture for Understanding of the Co-deposition of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Deposition in ESP
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Understanding of the Co-deposition of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Deposition in ESP

Product Number: 51321-16296-SG
Author: Tao Chen/Mohammed Bataweel/Qiwei Wang/Salem Balharth
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Understanding Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of X-65 (UNS K03014) Carbon Steel in CO2 Saturated Environ
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Understanding Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of X-65 (UNS K03014) Carbon Steel in CO2 Saturated Environments: The Temperature Effect

Product Number: 51314-4214-SG
ISBN: 4214 2014 CP
Author: Frederick Pessu
Publication Date: 2014
$20.00
Picture for Understanding the Effect of Pigging and Corrosion Inhibitor Injection on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines
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Understanding the Effect of Pigging and Corrosion Inhibitor Injection on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Product Number: 51319-13103-SG
Author: Jaspreet Mand
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a persistent problem for many oil and gas production operations. Carbon steel pipelines are particularly susceptible to biofilm formation by microorganisms which consequently threatens the integrity of these lines. Although MIC within pipelines is challenging to mitigate it is generally accepted that pigging a mechanical cleaning process that removes water oil scales and solids from the pipeline surface is an effective method to control biofilm formation. However not all pipelines can be effectively pigged to counter biofilm development. In many cases partially removed or unremoved biofilms are exposed to continuously injected film-forming corrosion inhibitors (CI) which are used to mitigate acid gas corrosion in pipelines.To date the individual and combined effects of pigging and CI injection on biofilm formation and subsequent corrosion has not been well-studied.To this end corrosive consortia consisting of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea were grown as biofilms on carbon steel coupons under defined laboratory conditions. Biofilms were grown for a period of 3 weeks in order to establish base (unmitigated) MIC rates. Once biofilms were established the coupons were exposed to one of the following corrosion mitigation treatments: (1) simulated pigging using a wire brush (2) exposure to a CI-containing medium or (3) a combination of both. Biofilms were incubated for an additional 6 weeks following these treatments to allow for biofilm regrowth. The impact of these treatments on the resulting MIC rates was evaluated by comparing the weight loss corrosion rates and localized pitting corrosion of the carbon steel coupons. Additionally qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to enumerate and identify the different corrosive microbial communities that developed on the coupons following the different treatments. Fundamentally different effects of corrosion inhibitors on MIC were observed depending on whether these chemicals were applied to a pre-formed biofilm or to mechanically cleaned steel surfaces.