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Engineers, architects, DOTs, and other specifiers use hot dip galvanizing to provide corrosion protection to steel and iron in many industries, including transportation and highway, parking garages, bridges, structural, agricultural, petrochemical, and original equipment manufacturing. To ensure continued corrosion protection and structural integrity in these industries, it is necessary to properly inspect the galvanizing.
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Geothermal energy is a promising choice for alternative energy resources due to its reliability and low CO2 emissions. One way to harness this energy, is to extract hot fluid from a geothermal well. Geothermal fluids are a complex medium with different physical and chemical properties depending on the location and depth of a geothermal well. Thus, these fluids can be corrosive to the geothermal power plant depending on the corrosivity class. The geothermal power plant consists of various parts, such as pipelines and heat exchangers. For continuous power generation, this power plant should be safe and durable. Therefore, it is important to protect the infrastructure in this environment from corrosion.
In this work, a marine environment due to the presence of marine bacteria was exposed to three zinc-rich epoxy coated-steel samples with different carbon nanotube additions. The electrochemical activity was monitored by using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
This paper represents the analysis and investigation of two pack epoxy internal lining damage on two new build 24” fuel hydrant system (FHS) pipelines. A leak in a nearby 36” irrigation line during construction caused water flooding in the open trench containing the FHS pipelines.
H2S scavengers (SC) are commonly injected into multiphase pipelines transporting oil, water, and gas when the H2S concentration is relatively low (ppm levels) but higher than the maximum allowable H2S concentration in systems located downstream, due to integrity, safety or tariff limitations. Under these situations, it is expected that the H2S scavenger injected in some points of the system (e.g., subsea) be capable of reducing the H2S concentration before reaching certain parts of the system (e.g., topsides). In this case, the H2S scavenger should be selected not only based on its capacity, but also on its kinetics at the expected field conditions.
It does not take one with too much intelligence to note that our infrastructure is in dire shape. Not only does this include our water & wastewater areas, but our road and bridge systems need substantial help. Deterioration due to environmental issues, water and chemicals that are used which cause for serious corrosion and erosion concerns. Over the years, a variety of methods have been employed to help with these issues, but all have individual characteristics and problems.
The use of ceramic fillers in coatings is not new. The technology has been around in excess of 15 plus years, with constant experimentation. The market acceptance of ceramic based coatings has only generally received market acceptance in the past 5 years, as performance history had to be built to back up the manufacturer's claims.
ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 standard in context of the corrosion science and the forms of cracking that led to its development. Usage. User Support. Documents. Laboratory tests to confirm cracking resistance of materials in O & G environments. 2016 NACE E-BOOK
The polycondensation of silicate to form colloidal silica is a well-known process. Silica formation takes place through an SN2-like mechanism that involves an attack of a mono-deprotonated silicic acid molecule on a fully protonated one. Thus, monomeric silicate species produce silicate dimers, and oligomers, and eventually form colloidal silica particles. Nevertheless, this straightforward silica chemistry can be profoundly affected by the presence of certain metal cations, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. When such cations are present in a process water they enhance the rate of polymerization of silicate ions and induce the formation of metal silicate precipitates.
Unbonded post-tensioned reinforcement in concrete structures has been used for many years in elevated slabs (parking garages and residential or commercial buildings), residential foundations, walls, and columns and more recently in bridge structures. The use of unbonded post-tensioned reinforcing allows for unique and cost-effective design and construction that include: thinner concrete sections, longer spans between supports, stiffer walls to resist lateral loads, and stiffer foundations to resist the effects of shrinking and swelling soils.
Extremely corrosive environments of today’s oil and gas exploration requires more expensive Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) to be used for equipment such as tubulars. Material selection for oil and gas wells, especially those containing high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure, is very crucial. Hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are quite aggressive to the materials used in oil field environments. The material of choice for these oil wells has to be reliable and cost-effective. This makes the material selection process a very complex and difficult task involving both financial and safety risks analysis.
Wastewater coming from both municipal and industrial activities present corrosive properties toward metals and can in certain cases exceed the tolerances of the most often used stainless steels such as 304L and 316L, thus resulting in the need of superior alloys. The main factors influencing the corrosiveness of the fluids in wastewater treatment plants are high concentration of halides (more specifically chlorides), H2S, low pH, temperature and their combined action. Corrosiveness of incoming fluids at a municipal wastewater treatment finds its roots in the municipal collection network.