Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Save 20% on select titles with code HIDDEN24 - Shop The Sale Now

Investigating Alternative Mechanisms For Metal-Silicate Scale Formation: Do Metal Hydroxides Play A Role?

Picture for Investigating Alternative Mechanisms For Metal-Silicate Scale Formation: Do Metal Hydroxides Play A Role?
Available for download

The polycondensation of silicate to form colloidal silica is a well-known process. Silica formation takes place through an SN2-like mechanism that involves an attack of a mono-deprotonated silicic acid molecule on a fully protonated one. Thus, monomeric silicate species produce silicate dimers, and oligomers, and eventually form colloidal silica particles. Nevertheless, this straightforward silica chemistry can be profoundly affected by the presence of certain metal cations, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. When such cations are present in a process water they enhance the rate of polymerization of silicate ions and induce the formation of metal silicate precipitates.

Product Number: 51322-17702-SG
Author: Michaela Kamaratou, Konstantinos D. Demadis
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings and Linings , Coatings
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Colloidal silica is one of the most undesirable deposits in industrial water treatment. It is rare, compared to other more common mineral scales, such as CaCO3, but its formation and deposition onto critical equipment surfaces can be problematic. Control approaches usually include: (a) removal of “soluble” and colloidal silica before entering the water system, and (b) use of chemical scale inhibitors/dispersants. Nevertheless, silica scale inhibition is not easy because of the chemical nature of colloidal silica. Silica is a random, three-dimensional polymer that forms by propagation of Si-O bonds, which form by polycondensation of monosilicic acid. The amorphous nature of silica precludes use of the “traditional” scale inhibition approaches (usually phosphonate additives and polyacrylate-based polymers) that are principally applied for mineral scales. Silica formation is further complicated by the presence of metal hydroxides (commonly iron, aluminum, and magnesium hydroxides). The scope of the present study is to explore the effects of the presence of such hydroxides in a process system on silica formation.

Colloidal silica is one of the most undesirable deposits in industrial water treatment. It is rare, compared to other more common mineral scales, such as CaCO3, but its formation and deposition onto critical equipment surfaces can be problematic. Control approaches usually include: (a) removal of “soluble” and colloidal silica before entering the water system, and (b) use of chemical scale inhibitors/dispersants. Nevertheless, silica scale inhibition is not easy because of the chemical nature of colloidal silica. Silica is a random, three-dimensional polymer that forms by propagation of Si-O bonds, which form by polycondensation of monosilicic acid. The amorphous nature of silica precludes use of the “traditional” scale inhibition approaches (usually phosphonate additives and polyacrylate-based polymers) that are principally applied for mineral scales. Silica formation is further complicated by the presence of metal hydroxides (commonly iron, aluminum, and magnesium hydroxides). The scope of the present study is to explore the effects of the presence of such hydroxides in a process system on silica formation.

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Investigation Of Scale Inhibitor Interference On Sulfate Measurement And Method To Remove The Interference
Available for download

Investigation Of Scale Inhibitor Interference On Sulfate Measurement And Method To Remove The Interference

Product Number: 51322-17595-SG
Author: Ya Liu, Haiping Lu, Rebecca Vilain
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Seawater injection is commonly utilized for offshore wells to maintain or increase oil production; however, treatment for seawater before injection is always necessary to reduce or remove bacteria, dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and other impurities. Seawater typically has >2000 mg/L sulfate. Without proper sulfate removal, such high levels of sulfate can cause not only barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and calcium sulfate scales, but also reservoir souring and H2S corrosion in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, sulfate removal from seawater is critical before seawater injection into reservoir.
Picture for Investigation On The Localized Corrosion Performance Of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels In Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants
Available for download

Investigation On The Localized Corrosion Performance Of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels In Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

Product Number: 51322-17756-SG
Author: Audrey Allion, Nicolas Larché, Dominique Thierry, Benoît Emo, Elisabeth Johansson
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Wastewater coming from both municipal and industrial activities present corrosive properties toward metals and can in certain cases exceed the tolerances of the most often used stainless steels such as 304L and 316L, thus resulting in the need of superior alloys. The main factors influencing the corrosiveness of the fluids in wastewater treatment plants are high concentration of halides (more specifically chlorides), H2S, low pH, temperature and their combined action. Corrosiveness of incoming fluids at a municipal wastewater treatment finds its roots in the municipal collection network.
Picture for Investigation & Mitigation Of Corroding Unbonded Post-Tension Tendons
Available for download

Investigation & Mitigation Of Corroding Unbonded Post-Tension Tendons

Product Number: 51322-17781-SG
Author: Lenard Mancs, David Whitmore
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Unbonded post-tensioned reinforcement in concrete structures has been used for many years in elevated slabs (parking garages and residential or commercial buildings), residential foundations, walls, and columns and more recently in bridge structures. The use of unbonded post-tensioned reinforcing allows for unique and cost-effective design and construction that include: thinner concrete sections, longer spans between supports, stiffer walls to resist lateral loads, and stiffer foundations to resist the effects of shrinking and swelling soils.
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support