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What exactly is involved when designing and installing a liner for concrete structures below grade? Does the structure need to be damp proofed? What testing protocols should or shouldn't be specified and when should they be performed. What type of surface prep should be done and why is surface profile so important? What type of liner has the best performance properties for below grade concrete? Why liner curing time, thickness and resistance to moisture is important. These are several questions that should be answered when beginning to specify a lining project
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Of the most severe operations in the oil and gas industry are operations under high pressure and high temperatures where pressures and temperatures exceed 1000 psi and 212°F (100°C). Such operations may contain a variety of chemical constituents such as CO2 and H2S gases, hydrocarbons, and water. To address corrosion issues, materials engineers look into either upgrading to expensive alloys or use protective coatings.
Waterborne coatings are safer to use than their traditional solvent borne counterparts and can reduce environmental impacts. As the market share for waterborne coatings has grown, there has been increased focus on their performance. Simultaneously, the building industry has been challenging coatings manufacturers to provide functional coatings. No longer are aesthetics, corrosion prevention and protection enough; a coating can and should provide multiple benefits to the user. One of the fastest growing segments of the functional waterborne coatings market is liquid applied insulation coatings.
Corrosion under thermal insulations namely CUI (Corrosion under insulation) is a key degradation process in hydrocarbon facilities which poses asset integrity risks. 1 CUI is reported as the reason behind 40-60% of failures of the process piping in a typical oil refining facility. Speaking smaller-sized process piping (i.e., NPS < 4”), up to 81% of reported failures are known to result from CUI. 2 Monetary spending to inspect and fix CUI-related failures cost 10% of overall maintenance budget in a typical medium-sized oil refinery. 2 CUI risk is influenced by numerous operational and environmental factors which impedes its management in a typical AIM (Asset integrity management) program. The
Corrosion failures in the oil and gas industry are dominated by localized failures in carbon steel; however, the industry has yet to develop standards for localized corrosion specifically for low alloy carbon steels (CS) such as UNS K03014 (API) 5LX65 [X65]) or UNS G10180 (C1018). The reasons for the lack of standardization are understandable as they are not trivial. The challenges are as follows: 1) CS pitting is more complex than pitting on stainless steels (SS) and can be impacted by corrosion byproducts and other forms of scales, and 2) surface finish of a test coupon or electrode has a significant impact on the three phases of pitting: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Managing aging reinforced concrete infrastructure is a complex and capital-intensive task, particularly in harsh marine and coastal environments. Corrosion from saltwater, coupled with wet and dry cycles, are particularly problematic for long-term durability of reinforced concrete. The Gulf Coast presents a challenge for maintaining service life of concrete structures that are exposed to high levels of chlorides, either by direct contact with salty or brackish water or by indirect contact with salt spray. Chlorides induce corrosion of the steel reinforcement which initiates cracking and spalling of the concrete, reducing the service life of the structure.
Copper alloys such as copper nickel (CuNi) and Admiralty Brass (CuZn) are often successful material selections for seawater coolers. The copper alloys successes in these highly corrosive environments can be attributes to the ability of copper to form a protective scale, thus stopping corrosion of the material. On copper alloys in seawater, the protective scale formed comprises a mix of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), copper oxide (CuO) and copper hydroxy chlorides.
Due to the threat of Global warming, and the steady increase of the cost of energy, particularly electricity, so called "Cool Roof Coatings" or CRC’s, have received a lot of high-profile press in industry magazines due to their ability to drop surface temperature of roof structures during the summer months.
Low solar absorbing (LSA) attributes are important for marine decking materials. Reduced solar heat absorption can not only improve the condition of living and working spaces beneath any deck, but also help protecting electronics and equipment. This article will review current LSA technologies and present a study on how to improve the solar reflectance and weather resistance of epoxy marine decking.
Anti-corrosion coating systems typically rely on viscous two-component systems with high VOC content. Autocatalytic, moisture-cure polyurethanes (MC PU) offer a unique approach to develop one-component coatings, which are easier to apply compared to 2k systems and usually can be formulated with lower VOC content.
This presentation focuses on Abrasive Blasting as it is the most widely form of surface preparation in the Protective Coating Industry. It is a brief but comprehensive presentation of the top 5 mistakes made when Abrasive Blasting and how these can be resolved to lower the total cost of a surface preparation project.
Maintaining aged infrastructure can be challenging, especially when structures were designed with difficult-to-coat features, such as riveted construction, back-to-back plates, or skip welds. According to NACE SP0178 - Design, Fabrication, and Surface Finish Practices for Tanks and Vessels to be Lined for Immersion Service, these construction methods are not recommended for immersion service.