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Influence of the Soil Moisture Level and Differential Aeration Cell on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel and Zinc Coated Steel

Product Number: 51324-20694-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Philippe Verpoort; Souhail Amami; Ansbert De Cleene; Benoit Emo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Soil is a complex media involving solid particles, gas and liquid phases. Among the many soil parameters influencing the corrosion rate, beyond the pH and resistivity, disregards the microbial activity, the moisture level and the related oxygen diffusion is usually pointed out as a key parameter. Depending on the soil texture and related ability to retain water, as well as the ground water level, differential aeration corrosion cells (DACC) might appear. Such phenomenon locally affects the corrosion rate and distribution by galvanic action. This phenomenon is particularly relevant for large metallic pieces such as buried pipes, tubular piles, and sheet piles. In this study, an experimental setup composed of 30 coupons in carbon steel or zinc coated steel was exposed in two different soils to a vertical gradient of moisture level. The setup allows measuring the corrosion potential and galvanic current of each coupon, before and after their interconnection. The obtained results highlight i) the influence of the moisture level and oxygen diffusion on the corrosion potential for both carbon steel and zinc, and ii) quantify the differential aeration corrosion cells. The results are compared to coupons exposed for 1 year in the same environment, with and without DACC.

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Influence Of Thermomechanical Processing On Mechanical Properties And Corrosion Resistance Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750.

Product Number: 51322-17613-SG

Author: Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are based on the Fe-Cr-Ni system and are constituted of 30 to 70 % ferrite and austenite. They combine high tensile strength, good toughness, weldability, and excellent corrosion resistance including stress-corrosion cracking and resistance to localized corrosion.^1-3 DSSs can be classified according to the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N) in lean duplex (PREN= 22-27), standard (PREN = 28-38), super duplex (PREN = 38-45) and hyperduplex (PREN > 45).

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Inhibiting localized corrosion of carbon steel pipelines in sour service

Product Number: 51323-18833-SG

Author: Anupom Sabhapondit, Aboubakr M Abdullah, Nicholas Laycock, Manoj Gonuguntla, Shimjith Madayi, Tom Bos

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Use of corrosion inhibitors (CI) to protect metallic equipment, especially carbon steel pipelines from corrosion has long been an established, effective, economic, and hence globally accepted technique. The oil and gas industry has been using CIs to protect the pipelines under various exposure conditions including sour and sweet services . Complete understanding of corrosion mechanisms under sour conditions and protecting pipeline steel under such conditions has always been a challenging task due to the complexity of such systems.

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Inhibiting Nucleation Corrosion in Liquid Hydrocarbons

Product Number: 51324-21232-SG

Author: Moshood Adewale; Hitesh Bagaria; Nimeshkumar Patel; Tatiana Barbosa; Osvaldo Antonio Heredia Cancino

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Dewpoint corrosion is a well-known phenomenon in flue gas stacks and refinery overheads, where fine water droplets condense from the vapor upon cooling, and the acid gases in the vapors diffuse into water droplets to form a highly corrosive low pH liquid. We have identified a similar mechanism in hydrocarbon liquids, which we call as “nucleation corrosion” (C2023-19463). Liquid hydrocarbons often have dissolved water (DW), which does not promote corrosion even in the presence of corrosive species (e.g., organic acids, H2S). Upon cooling, the DW nucleates as nanometer-sized water droplets and acids present in the liquid partition into the water droplets decreasing pH to cause aggressive nucleation corrosion. In this study the methods to mitigate nucleation corrosion are investigated with an emphasis on studying the impact of different types of chemical inhibitors on this newly discovered mechanism. An interesting example of the impact of the test method on inhibitor selection is shown. Finally, a case study highlighting nucleation corrosion in a refinery distillation overhead reflux line is presented.

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Inhibition of Crevice Corrosion of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys by Sulfate, Nitrate and Molybdate

Product Number: 51323-18936-SG

Author: Eduardo Sáenz González, Martín A. Rodríguez, Edgar C. Hornus

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Nickel base alloys with high chromium and molybdenum contents are very resistant to chloride-induced localized corrosion, even at relatively high temperatures. These alloys include the Ni-Cr-Mo(W) or
“C” family of alloys and the novel Ni-Mo-Cr alloy HYBRID-BC1 (UNS N10362). Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) stands out due to its versatility: chromium and molybdenum contents were selected to optimize its corrosion behavior in oxidizing and reducing conditions. Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) has outstanding thermal ageing resistance and a longer in-service experience. The

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Inhibition of Microbial Induced Corrosion of Concrete using Admixture and Surface Applied Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51323-18768-SG

Author: Behzad Bavarian, Koushik Kosanam, Lisa Reiner, Pranav Meddhali

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The life-cycle of concrete structures used in waste water systems should consider all factors that might cause a structural system to perform unacceptably at any point during its lifetime. This includes the progressive and sustained loss of load capacity caused by operational or environmental factors. In general terms, deterioration can be defined as a loss of structural load capacity with time as a result of the action of external agents causing chemical attacks or material weakening due to these environmental interactions.

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Inhibitor Exhaustion From Aerospace Primers

Product Number: 51322-18158-SG

Author: James F. Dante

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Once a coating system has been breached, protection is afforded by the availability of inhibitors at the defect site. The onset of subsequent corrosion, therefore, is a function of inhibitor release rate, the ratio of inhibitor to aggressive ions, and consumption of inhibitor in the vicinity of the defect. The parameters affecting each of these processes must be understood in order to appropriately model the onset of corrosion for either a first principles or an empirical approach. The influence of coating properties and environmental conditions on inhibitor exhaustion is discussed below.

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Initiation Sites of Pitting Corrosion in the Nickel Alloy UNS N07718

Product Number: 51323-18846-SG

Author: Julia Botinha, Bodo Gehrmann, Helena Alves, Michael Rohwerder

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Being one of the most applied nickel alloy in the oil and gas industry, the UNS N07718 (Alloy 718) is mainly composed by nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum, niobium, titanium and aluminum. UNS N07718 is used in the solution annealed and precipitation hardened condition, where a complex microstructure is formed, which is responsible for its very good mechanical properties, as well as its cracking and corrosion resistance.

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Inline Cathodic Protection Current Mapping - Applications

Product Number: 51322-17629-SG

Author: Dennis Janda

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Inline cathodic protection current mapping is a unique method of assessing a pipeline’s cathodic protection. This is accomplished by measuring the actual current received by the pipeline continuously along the entire pipeline length. Unlike pipe to soil potentials, which can have a great deal of error in them due to forces often beyond our control, the CP mapping tool uses the physical properties of the pipe itself to measure the CP current. The pipe is a very stable part of the circuit, unlike the soil surrounding it.

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Innovative And Sustainable Corrosion Protection Solutions For Foundation Structures Of Offshore Wind Turbines

Product Number: 51322-17526-SG

Author: Frank Prenger, Kathrin Hesnaoui

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Metallic coatings as a protective coating are characterized by excellent corrosion protection behavior and show extreme resistance to mechanical loads as well. Pure metallic coatings or duplex systems are already being used successfully in other areas of offshore structures. For example, areas in the tidal water zone, such as boat landings, usually receive a duplex system consisting of thermal spayed coating and a fitting topcoat. Add-on parts are often protected exclusively by a metallic zinc coating. A thermal spray coating in the submerged zone thus represents a logical alternative to the organic topcoat system.

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Innovative Biocide Blend Solves Microbial Contamination Issues In Hydraulic Fracturing Applications

Product Number: 51322-18154-SG

Author: Jeffrey F. Kramer, Christy C. Wentworth

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Microbial contamination in the development of unconventional oil and gas formations can cause numerous problems, including formation plugging, microbial induced corrosion, and well souring, all of which can have a negative effect on well productivity and quality of oil and gas. The most common method to control microbial contamination during stimulation of unconventional oil and gas formations is through the use of biocides. Traditional oil and gas biocides such as glutaraldehyde/quaternary ammonium blends struggle to provide effective microbial control under the severe conditions encountered during stimulation of unconventional oil and gas formations.

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Innovative Mitigation Strategies to Address Ac Corrosion At Higher Frequencies

Product Number: 51323-19280-SG

Author: Wolfgang Fieltsch, J. Scott Farquharson

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A corrosion investigation performed in 2018 on an NPS 6, approximately 4 km long, polyethylene coated pipeline determined that the accelerated corrosion anomalies detected during in-line inspections (ILI) were due to AC corrosion. The AC and DC current densities on the AC coupons adjacent to these anomalies were above the limits recommended in NACE SP21424. It was also determined that the line was cathodically over-protected, and that most of the AC voltage measured on the line was due to 120 Hz AC ripple from a foreign rectifier.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance