AMPP Store - AMPP Conference Papers

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Evaluation of Cathodic Protection Effectiveness for Aboveground Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51323-19360-SG

Author: Pavan K. Shukla, Andrew Nordquist, Roderick E. Fuentes, Bruce J. Wiersma, Laurie Perry

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The need to evaluate effectiveness of the CP systems for the tank bottom applications arose after
completion of the PRCI-sponsored study (published in 2018) focused on evaluating VCIs’ performance
for mitigating the soil-side corrosion of AST bottoms. The 2018 PRCI-study objectives included
evaluating VCI effectiveness and comparing the VCI effectiveness data to active CP systems for ASTs
that were achieving AMPP (NACE) CP criteria for corrosion control. In the 2018-PRCI study, the
extensive amount of laboratory testing data and results indicated that VCIs are effective in mitigating
corrosion; however, a historical comparison of CP system effectiveness with VCIs for ASTs could not be
made due to a lack of documented CP effectiveness data.

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Evaluation of Coatings for High-Temperature Process Vessel Applications

Product Number: 51324-20612-SG

Author: Bing Yuan; Muni Ramakrishnan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Offshore process vessels of the oil/gas industry operate at high temperatures and sometimes high pressure. Protective coatings designed for high-temperature vessels need to withstand very high temperatures, e.g., higher than 200°C (392oF). The evaluation and determination of their fitness for use at such high-temperature conditions are challenging. In this paper, we demonstrated the use of multiple analytical methods (DMA, DSC, Dilatometer) in the investigation and characterization of structure stabilities of protective coatings in high temperature environment. We analyzed 3 coating samples by DMA with temperature ramping, thermal cycling experiments and thermal stress test. The results of DMA, combined with that from DSC, Dilatometer and mechanical tests provided us deep understanding of high temperature properties of the 3 coating samples. The study also explained the cause of cracking failures of 2 of the samples at different high temperature conditions. The methodology of this paper provides a good way to guide future development work and failure root cause analysis of protective coatings for high temperature applications.

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Evaluation of Coatings to Improve Steel Compatibility in Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51323-19207-SG

Author: B. A. Pint, R. Pillai, J. R. Keiser

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) has many attractive features as a working fluid including its low critical point (31°C/73.8 bar) and the reduced work of compression compared to an ideal gas. Thus, it is being explored for many different applications including fossil, nuclear, geothermal, concentrating solar power (CSP) and waste heat recovery. However, CO2 environments are known to carburize steels6-20 which limits their usage to lower temperatures (450°C21 for 9%Cr steels) than in steam boilers.

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Evaluation Of Copper Catalytic Effects In Cable Insulation Polymers

Product Number: ED22-17260-SG

Author: Trevor Toll, Casey Sexton, Codi Ferree, Patrick Ward

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper summarizes work performed to evaluate a phenomenon that can occur in electrical cable insulation polymers during the aging process. This phenomenon, the copper catalytic effect, occurs because of diffusion of copper ions from the conductor into the insulation polymers during the aging process. In this research, the copper catalytic effects observed in cross-linked polyethylene, cross-linked polyolefin, and ethylene propylene rubber insulation subjected to thermal accelerated aging at both 120˚C and 130 ˚C were evaluated. In addition, the insulation polymers from cables removed from service in operating nuclear power plants were also evaluated to determine if this effect is prevalent for naturally aged materials. The results acquired from this work were used to characterize the copper catalytic effects observed in these polymers, analyze how this phenomenon affects the degradation process of the materials, and determine the impact that the copper catalytic effect has on condition monitoring data acquired during the aging process.

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Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition Performance of a Novel Polymer for Carbon Steel SimulatedAcidizing Fluid: Influence of Temperature and Flow on Protection Efficiency

Product Number: MECC23-20122-SG

Author: Saviour A. Umoren

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Operators have used a variety of strategies to maximize oil well productivity. One such technology is matrix acidizing, which is intended to boost fluid output by improving the drainage efficiency of the reservoir rock surrounding the wellbore [1]. It comprises injecting a strong acid solution into an oil well in order to dissolve and remove formation damage caused by drilling and completion operations, as well as to establish new production paths in production formations [1].

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Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitor Gel Filler Retention in Shorted Casings: A Pressure Test Study

Product Number: 51324-21135-SG

Author: Juan Dominguez Olivo; Alexander Roytman; Mikhail Ivanov; Terry Natale; Yefim Vaks

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Pipelines casings regulated by PHMSA require the mitigation of shorted casings. One method that aligns with the PHMSA guidelines is the utilization of NACE SP0200. This standard recommends using a corrosion-inhibiting gel filler that transforms from the viscosity of water to a high-viscosity gel, providing effective sealing and corrosion protection. However, concerns exist regarding the potential loss of the inhibitor filler during its application. While some operators opt for pneumatic pressure tests instead of hydrotests to minimize contamination and reduce costs, the rapid loss of pressure in a pneumatic test does not equate to a rapid loss of corrosion inhibitor gel. To address this concern, a custom-designed pressure chamber was employed to simulate casing defects ranging from 5 to 13 mm in the worst-case scenario (6 o'clock position). Corrosion inhibitor gel filler was injected into the chamber and then pressurized to a maximum of 20 psia (~1.4 bar). The pressure was released through the different simulated defects and the corrosion inhibitor filler loss was recorded. The study revealed that inhibitor retention remained satisfactory. In the worst-case scenario, the maximum loss of corrosion inhibitor gel filler recorded was approximately 1 to 5% of the injected solution.

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Evaluation Of Corrosion Pitting In A 317L Stainless Steel Surface Condenser Tube Bundle

Product Number: 51322-17564-SG

Author: Mel J. Esmacher, Edward R. Blessman, Kumar Kembaiyan

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The power plant is a natural gas-fired, combined cycle plant with three combustion turbines and a single steam turbine. A large stainless steel surface condenser is used to condense steam off of the turbine, and provide high purity steam condensate return to the boiler system. The steam condenser was put into service approximately 15 years ago. This plant takes makeup water for its open recirculating cooling tower water system from a river location that is inland from an ocean coastal area.

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Evaluation Of Corrosion Prevention And Control Programs For Reinforced Concrete Bridges In Marine Environments

Product Number: 51322-18203-SG

Author: Kingsley Lau, John Lawler, Matt Fadden

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete bridges is a major concern for the structural integrity, long-term durability, and maintenance of the highway infrastructure. Statistics from a national study in 2002 indicated that approximately 15% of the national bridge inventory is structurally deficient because of corrosion and the national annual direct cost exceeded $8 billion.1 In the state of Florida, the typical design life expectation for the >6,000 bridges in the state highway infrastructure exceed 75 years.

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Evaluation of Corrosion Risk by DC Stray Current: a Study of the EN ISO 21857 Standard Criteria

Product Number: 51324-20623-SG

Author: Clemence Rogier; Aymeric Lopitaux; Dominique Gauthier; Ahmed Fakhry; Sylvain Fontaine

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

To assess and mitigate dynamic DC stray currents occurring on cathodically protected steel pipelines, the EN ISO 21857 standard was published in 2021. In this laboratory study, X70 steel ER probes buried in artificial soils under cathodic protection were submitted to anodic direct current influences. The impact on corrosion kinetics of anodic influences conditions was evaluated: triangular vs rectangular shape, anodic current densities from 0,1 to 10 A/m2, anodic period between 5 and 1800 s, and total anodic interference duration in one day from 0,5 to 10h. Soil environments were varied as well. More than 200 different test conditions were performed to better understand the parameters leading to a loss of metal. To complete this lab scale work, 8 on-site studies were performed as well. Real corrosion kinetics measured by corrosion probes were compared to corrosion risk prediction according to the new EN ISO 21857 standard. Pertinence of the criteria was demonstrated in this experimental study. It shows that to have the most precise prediction risk, reference levels such as defined by the standard (Eref and Jref) should be determined experimentally. In those conditions, 100% of real corrosion cases were predicted as such.

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Evaluation of Corrosion Susceptibility of 304H Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid in Dilute Nuclear Waste Streams

Product Number: 51323-19458-SG

Author: Kathleen Sherer, Sandeep Chawla, Ken Evans, Brandon Rollins, John Beavers, Narasi Sridhar, Shawn Campbell

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at the Hanford nuclear-waste storage facility is a waste treatment
facility permitted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). The facility removes radioactive and hazardous contaminants from various sources such as condensate wastewater
generated by 242-A Evaporator campaigns, groundwater projects, solid waste disposal facilities, and
other Hanford clean-up activities. The waste processed by the ETF is substantially more dilute than the
waste stored in the tanks.

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Evaluation of Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Super Austenitic (UNS N08935)

Product Number: 51324-20924-SG

Author: Luiza Esteves; Suresh Divi; Karen Picker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

UNS N08935 is a newly developed super-austenitic alloy for use in highly corrosion wet environments with excellent corrosion resistance in chloride induce service, refineries, petrochemical, chemical plants, biofuels, and other renewable energy applications. This alloy offers higher corrosion resistance and serves a broader temperature range than duplex stainless steels and is a cost-efficient alternative to nickel-based such as UNS N06625 with similar mechanical strength and corrosion performance. The aim of this work is to compare the critical crevice corrosion temperature (CCT) of UNS N08935 with UNS S31254, UNS N08367, UNS N10276 (nickel-based alloy) conducted in a Potentiostatic test in 1 M NaCl according to ASTM G150.

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Evaluation Of Dead Leg Piping with Internal Corrosion at A Salt Dome Natural Gas Storage Facility

Product Number: 51323-19041-SG

Author: Leslie A. Ward, Len J. Krissa, Garry Matocha, Thomas Pickthall

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The essence of this paper is to talk about internal corrosion found in deadleg piping at the Enbridge Gas Transmission, & Midstream (GTM) Egan Hub Partners Storage Facility and especially how the corrosion was evaluated after the deadlegs were removed. The salt dome cavern storage facility is in south central Louisiana. The internal corrosion was found in the piping that comes from the storage caverns and goes through pressure reduction stations and then through dehydrations systems.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance