AMPP Store - AMPP Conference Papers

Available for download

Effect Of Oxygen Concentrations on Localized Corrosion of Martensitic And Super Martensitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51323-18891-SG

Author: Suresh Divi, Bruce Craig

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

It has become somewhat common in the oil and gas industry to convert producing wells containing 13Cr stainless steels to water injection wells. This practice has led to numerous tubing failures due to pitting of the 13Cr from oxygen dissolved in the injection water. The water source for these wells is often from produced water and seawater but other waters may also be injected.

Available for download

Effect of Oxygen Excursion On SCC Resistance of Tubing Materials

Product Number: 51323-18779-SG

Author: Luciana Intiso, Yvi Le Guen, Federica Sammartino, Roberto Morana, Lee Smith

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Oil and gas production from highly saline reservoirs can present challenges to the completion materials. The most saline fields often require downhole injection of (low chloride) wash water to dilute the produced water and mitigate the threat of halite precipitation on the production tubulars. The present paper investigates the threats associated with the co-mingled wash water and production fluids with respect to common completion materials.

Available for download

Effect of Oxygen in Back Purging Gas on Corrosion Resistance of Super Duplex Welded Joints

Product Number: 51324-21111-SG

Author: Tatiana C. Almeida; Rogaciano M. Moreira; Merlin C. E. Bandeira; Oscar R. Mattos; Flávia M. F. Guedes

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Several offshore pipelines in Pre-salt fields, Brazil, are made of Super Duplex stainless steel. When welded, in general, these materials present a decrease in its corrosion resistance. Welding procedures, materials properties, surface conditions and post-weld treatment have influence on the resistance to local corrosion Although there is a strict control regarding the contamination of back purging gas with oxygen, sometimes, this control may fail and the oxygen content may exceed this limit. Understanding if the pitting corrosion resistance is affected by a higher oxygen level and how a post-weld surface treatment by pickling and passivation can improve the corrosion resistance is important in situations where the control of oxygen content is limited. In the present study, specimens welded with back purging gas containing 100 ppm and 200 ppm of oxygen and without back purging gas were investigated through ASTM (1) G48- A, and through ASTM G48 method E6. The pitting resistance was improved after post-weld surface treatment for super duplex stainless steel.

Available for download

Effect of oxygen in back purging gas on localized corrosion resistance of duplex welded joints with and without post-weld surface treatment

Product Number: 51323-19445-SG

Author: Tatiana C. Almeida, Rogaciano M. Moreira, Merlin C. E. Bandeira, Susana L. Díaz, Drielly L. Souza, Brenda C. S. Cardozo, Rafaela A. Posse, Oscar R. Mattos, Flávia M. F. Guedes, Ilson P. Baptista, Petronio Zumpano Junior, Ricardo R. Marinho, Aline L.S. Gomes, Marcelo F. Motta, Hélio C. Miranda

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Duplex stainless steel is widely used in Brazilian offshore pipelines since the pre-salt environment is under high corrosion scenario. Welding processes are often used in applications involving this steel. However, in general, welding imposes a reduction in the corrosion resistance of stainless steels.

Available for download

Effect of Plastic Strain on Hydrogen Absorption of Low Alloy Carbon Steel for Linepipe

Product Number: 51323-19139-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro, Yusaku Tomio, Taro Muraki, Takuya Hara

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In the oil and gas industry, oil country tubular goods and linepipes are exposed to the wet H2S environment (sour environment) in some cases. The presence of H2S promotes hydrogen entry into steel due to the catalytic action of H2S. The absorbed hydrogen enhanced by H2S affects hydrogen embrittlement.

Available for download

Effect of Pre-pits on Localized Corrosion and Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32205 in Upstream Production Environments

Product Number: 51324-21031-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan; V.T. Aruna; Marc E. Wilms; Navashree Surendran

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Components in upstream Oil and Gas production such as flowlines, storage vessels or injector pipelines which are made of duplex stainless steel UNS S32205 can undergo localized corrosion such as pitting or crevice corrosion when exposed to oxygen during shutdowns or turn arounds. Such unintended exposure to oxygen is related to poor maintenance or improper preservation and would normally require replacement of equipment. Further use of such pitted components can be considered but requires re-assessment of the pre-corroded material. Open-circuit Potential (OCP) and repassivation potentials (Erp) were measured on UNS S32205 in simulated flowline brines containing 150,000 mg/L Cl- at 110oC with pCO2 of 4.1 bara. The effect of pre-pits on bare and girth welded UNS S32205 was determined by creating artificial pits at OCP under oxygenated brine conditions and then switching the gaseous environment to sweet (CO2) conditions with continuous OCP monitoring. It was found that in oxygen-free CO2 production environments, existing pits did not grow. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance of pre-pitted solution annealed UNS S32205 specimens was determined through Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) and Ripple Load Testing (RLT) at 90oC in concentrated chloride solutions. An electrochemical method was applied to create a single pit on the gauge surface. Comparison of SSRT and RLT results showed that SSRT is too aggressive for determining the pH2S limits. RLT of both pristine and pre-pitted UNS S32205 in concentrated chlorides with up to 0.3 bara pH2S did not show rupture, while selective attack of the ferrite phase was found (pit-depth < 30µm). RLT of notched UNS S32205 specimens were compared to that of pre-pitted specimens. Implications of these results on the limits recommended in ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 are discussed.

Available for download

Effect Of Relative Humidity And Galvanic Couples On Stress Corrosion Cracking Of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys

Product Number: 51322-18015-SG

Author: L. Agnew, B. Clark, V. Avance, F. Friedersdorf

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

High-strength aerospace aluminum alloys, such as AA7075-T651, are susceptible to environmental assisted cracking (EAC) under the right combinations of stress, environment, and microstructure. EAC presents a serious risk to structures and equipment operated in corrosive conditions. Studies of EAC in aluminum alloys have highlighted the importance of both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement to EAC initiation and propagation.^1–4 The EAC response of alloys under variable atmospheric conditions is of particular importance for assessing material performance for aerospace applications.

Available for download

Effect Of Residual Strain On Short Time Oxidation Kinetics In PWR Simulated Primary Water

Product Number: ED22-17127-SG

Author: Rachel E. Turfitt, John A. Savchik, Bryan A. Webler, Kevin B. Fisher

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Type 304 stainless steel is commonly used in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary circuits, where it is exposed to high temperature, high pressure water. Combination of material and environment influence the oxidation behavior in these systems. In addition to oxidation of the surface, 304 is also susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue, which are both types of environmentally assisted cracking, or EAC. EAC is a function of prior material condition, environment, and stress induced during exposure.

Available for download

Effect Of Salt Concentration On Uniform H2S Corrosion Rate Of Pipeline Steel At 100 Ppm H2S(G) And 20Oc

Product Number: 51322-17982-SG

Author: Fazlollah Madani Sani, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Large amounts of water can be produced during extraction of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs.¹ It is well understood that produced waters usually contain high amounts of dissolved salts, up to 28 wt.%.² In addition to salts, dissolved corrosive gases (CO₂ and H₂S) are present in produced water, which make the mixture a complex corrosive environment for metallic parts and equipment used throughout the production process.

Available for download

Effect of Sample Configuration on Autoclave Experiment in Dense Phase CO2 with Impurities

Product Number: 51324-21137-SG

Author: Xi Wang; Gaoxiang (Garret) Wu; Yoon-Seok Choi; Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Corrosion plays an important role in the integrity management of the CO2 transport pipeline, since carbon steels, the most common material utilized for pipeline construction, are susceptible to corrosion in the presence of impurities, such as water, SO2, and NO2. Autoclave tests have been used to examine the corrosion susceptibility and severity in this condition. However, studies have shown a range of corrosion rates in similar experimental conditions, and there are no standard methods for laboratory corrosion testing in dense phase CO2 with impurities. In this study, the impact of sample configuration, one of the parameters that can affect the results of the corrosion experiment, is investigated. Autoclave experiments were conducted in dense phase CO2 with O2, SO2, NO2, H2S, CH4, and H2O where the samples were placed either vertically or horizontally. Furthermore, horizontal samples were placed in different locations of the autoclave. The results showed that corrosion was observed on both sides of the vertical samples, while top side of each horizontal sample corroded more compared to the bottom side in some conditions. For horizontal samples, the corrosion rates could increase with the location from top to bottom of the autoclave depending on the combination of impurities.

Available for download

Effect of Shielding and Backing Gases on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Alloy N08935 Welds

Product Number: 51324-20854-SG

Author: Deepjyoti Mukherjee; Conrad Liebsch; Thomas Hündgen; Björn Helmersson; Ravi Vishnu

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The newly developed super-austenitic alloy, N08935, combines the best features of a high performance austenitic stainless steel and Ni-based alloys. The alloy has a nickel content of 35 wt.%, which is relatively higher than the usual austenitic steels but lower than conventional Ni-base alloys. With a high resistance to localized and uniform corrosion, it is a good alternative when standard highly alloyed austenitic 6Mo or super-duplex stainless steels do not suffice, and a cost-efficient alternative is desired to Ni-base alloys such as Alloy 625. Due to an excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength, the potential use of alloy N08935 extends to chemical, petrochemical, Oil & Gas equipment, and acidic environments. However, the true test of the suitability of a material is if the weldments also measure up to the performance standards of the base material. The present study examines this concern. In this work, the GTAW (TIG) method will be used to weld 2 mm thick sheets autogenously and with Ni-based filler metal ERNiCrMo-13. The tests were performed for a combination of different shielding and backing gases with and without additions of nitrogen. The welds were evaluated according to SS-EN ISO 15614-1:2017 and additionally the corrosion properties were evaluated using the ASTM G48 standard method E. The aim of this paper is to compare the different combinations of shielding and backing gases to present proper welding recommendations for alloy N08935.

Available for download

Effect Of Soil Environment On Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior Of X60 Steel

Product Number: 51322-17705-SG

Author: Wang Xiuyun, Yang Zhiwen, Wang Yao, Xing Yunying, Feng Min, Chen Yingfeng, Liu Xiaotong, Zhang Lei

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

With the rapid development of China's economy, energy and transportation industries have developed rapidly, and more and more oil and gas pipelines and urban rail transit have been built and put into use. Urban rail transportation systems, such as subways or light rail, generally use direct current traction and backflow through the rail. Because the track is not completely insulated from the earth, it is inevitable that some electric current will be discharged from the track to the earth to form stray electric current, which will cause interference to the surrounding metal components such as buried oil and gas pipelines.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance