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Effect of Inhibitor Concentration on the Adsorption and Inhibition Mechanism for Mica and Carbon Steel Studied by In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy

Product Number: 51323-19200-SG

Author: H. Wang, B. Brown, S. Nesic, A. Pailleret

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In hydrocarbon production systems, mild steel is overwhelmingly used for the construction of pipelines and tanks for the transmission and storage of crude oil, natural gas, and derived petroleum products. Although mild steel has excellent mechanical properties and low cost, it is susceptible to corrosion attack in typical service environments. Inhibition of internal corrosion is essential for assuring asset integrity of oil and gas transportation pipelines.

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Effect of Loading Profile and Sour Environment on Cracking behavior of C110

Product Number: 51323-19401-SG

Author: Angeire S. Huggins-Gonzalez, Ramgopal Thodla, Feng Gui, Bostjan Bezensek, Brian Chambers

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the most common gases in the oil and gas industry. Once dissolved in aqueous environments, H2S can induce corrosion damage to carbon steel. It has been proposed that the severity of the damage is related to parameters such as temperature, partial pressure, microstructure of steel, etc.

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Effect Of Localized Stress On Initiation Of IGSCC

Product Number: ED22-17308-SG

Author: Takaharu Maeguchi, Kyohei Hayakawa, Kimihisa Sakima, Tomotaka Miyazawa

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In a polycrystalline material, the stress distribution on a microscopic scale is not uniform due to the elastic anisotropy and slip systems of constituent crystal grains. This leads to localized high stresses, especially at grain boundaries, when a load is applied to the material. In this paper, this localized stress is called as “microscopic stress”, distinguishing it from that in a homogeneous continuous body.

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Effect Of Microstructure On Mechanical Behaviour Of Ni-Base Alloy Dissimilar Metal Welds

Product Number: ED22-17104-SG

Author: Noora Hytönen, Yanling Ge, Zaiqing Que, Sebastian Lindqvist, Jari Lydman, Ulla Ehrnstén, Paavo Rautala,Iikka Virkkunen, Pål Efsing

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) are commonly used in the pressure vessel nozzle to safe-end weld between the ferritic low-alloy steels (LAS) and the austenitic stainless steels (SS), using a nickel-base filler metal. The complex DMW interface consists of different microstructural regions including, for instance, the heat-affected zone (HAZ), carbon-depleted zone (CDZ), carbon build-up at fusion boundary, partially melted zone (PMZ) and carbide precipitation zone. There is still knowledge lacking on the microstructural characteristics of the interface of DMWs upon post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). DMWs are potential concerns regarding the structural integrity of the nuclear power systems. In particular, the LAS/nickel-base alloy weld metal interface is known to develop a local strength mismatch upon PWHT and during long-term ageing. A significant chemical composition gradient, especially in terms of carbon (C) and chromium (Cr) associated with a complex microstructure have been observed to form at the interfaces. The different welding orientation, heat transfer and PWHT can result in different microstructure and mechanical properties.

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Effect of Minor Ce Additions on Corrosion Behavior of Experimental Pipeline Steel

Product Number: 51324-20450-SG

Author: Zineb Belarbi; Paul D. Jablonski; Ömer N. Doğan; Martin Detrois; Richard P. Oleksak

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Minor additions of rare earth elements (REEs) have been shown to improve various steel properties. In particular, Cerium (Ce), as a relatively abundant and inexpensive element, has received attention as a potentially beneficial minor alloying addition for a variety of steel applications, including pipeline materials. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of Ce on corrosion performance of experimental pipeline steel. Electrochemical corrosion experiments were carried out on steel without and with 0.0057, 0.0164, and 0.0263 wt.% of Ce in 3.5 wt.% NaCl saturated with CO2 at 20 °C. For comparison purposes, X100 carbon steel specimens machined from an experimental pipe with a yield strength of 731 MPa were tested under the same conditions. The electrochemical techniques employed included: potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, post-corrosion surface characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion of base metal without Ce was significantly lower (0.15 mm/y) compared to carbon steel X100 (0.9 mm/yr). The electrochemical results showed that adding Ce accelerates corrosion rates compared to base metal without Ce. No pitting corrosion of tested steel was detected.

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Effect Of N-Furfuryil-Aniline And N-Furyl-C-Phenyl-Nitrone On Corrosion Inhibition Of Low Carbon Steel In 3% Nacl

Product Number: 51322-18167-SG

Author: A. Fonseca, E. Almanza, W. Rozo, E. Vera

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the hydrocarbon industry, internal corrosion is one of the most worrisome threats because it can cause catastrophic failures in the pipelines and cause harm to people and the environment. Some authors mention that internal corrosion damage is due to components such as H2S, CO2, mercaptans, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and suspended solids. These variables lead to thickness losses in the ducts, which contributes to the increase in the rate of deterioration.^{1 2 3} study reported by Askari et al, shows that the internal corrosion rate can be so high that it can consume the 3-6mm allowed for the pipeline in a year, which leads to irreparable economic losses.⁴

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Effect of Ni on Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Grooving in Carbon Steel - Part 1: Constant-load (Dead-weight) Test

Product Number: 51324-20715-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro; Taro Muraki; Nobuyuki Ishikawa; Daichi Izumi; Takuya Hara

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) occurs in steel exposed to sour environments. Ni promotes the formation of a crack-like corrosion morphology (so-called stress groove or fissure), which accelerates the SSC; however, the mechanisms underlying fissure formation and growth are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of Ni on SSC and fissures were investigated. Constant-load tests were conducted at various potentials using TS 800 MPa grade steel with and without 1 % Ni addition. The fissures were formed near the corrosion potential on adding Ni. Anodic or cathodic polarization promoted SSC, suggesting that SSC was affected by both active path corrosion (APC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms. In addition, the fissure shapes and crystal orientations of the microstructure were analyzed to classify the fissures as dissolution (corrosion) or mechanical cracking. Further, characteristic grooves promoted by Ni were confirmed to be APC.

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Effect of Ni on Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Grooving in Carbon Steel - Part 2: Four Point Bend Test

Product Number: 51324-20709-SG

Author: Nobuyuki Ishikawa; Taishi Fujishiro; Eiji Tada; Daichi Izumi; Junji Shimamura

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Four point bend sulfide stress cracking (SSC) tests were carried out under various conditions of H2S partial pressure, pH, soaking time, and applied stress to investigate the formation of stress groove (or fissure) and SSC behavior in TS 800 MPa (116 ksi) grade steel plates with 1%Ni added and 0% Ni steels. Under low hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressure conditions, a fissure was formed only in the 1%Ni steel, although no SSC occurred. Morphology of the fissure in 1% Ni steel indicates that fissure extends by a corrosion, which is also called the anodic dissolution or the active path corrosion (APC). The fissure in 1%Ni steel grew almost linearly with soaking time in the test solution with stabilized pH condition. Formation and growth of fissure was enhanced by higher applied stress and there was a limiting stress for the formation of fissure. SSC occurred in both steels under high H2S partial pressure and low pH conditions. Detailed metallographic investigation for SSC cracks revealed that a corrosion pit initially formed then turned into a crack possibly by hydrogen embrittlement (HE), then finally caused unstable crack extension to rapture the specimen. Based on the experimental results for the fissure formation and SSC, the effect of both APC and HE are discussed.

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Effect of Nitrogen Blanketing on Soil-Side Corrosion Mitigation of the Double Shell Tanks at Hanford

Product Number: 51323-19354-SG

Author: Pavan K. Shukla, Roderick E. Fuentes, Bruce J. Wiersma, Crystal Girardot, Jason Page, Shawn Campbell

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

High-level radioactive waste generated during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel at Hanford has been stored in 149 single- and 27 double shell tanks (DSTs). Each DST consists of a primary shell (inner) surrounded by secondary (outer) shell. The secondary shell’s bottom rests on a concrete foundation.

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Effect of Operating Parameters on the Corrosion of Candidate Heat Exchanger Alloys in Advanced Thermal Power Plants

Product Number: 51324-21229-SG

Author: Minkang Liu; Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of candidate steels with different Cr content in high-temperature s-CO2 environments and the influence of operating pressure. The results underscore the significant role of chromium, with content above 16 wt.% in the base metal proving effective in terms of conferring corrosion resistance. Moreover, the study reveals the substantial impact of operating pressure on weight gain, resulting in much thicker oxide layers. Further microscopic examinations may be required to gain deeper insights into oxide layer structure and composition. These findings advance our understanding of corrosion modes and extent within s-CO2 Brayton cycles.

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Effect Of Organic Acids In Pyrolysis Oils On The Corrosion Of Constructional Materials For Oil Storage And Transportation

Product Number: 51322-18054-SG

Author: Xue Han, Kaiyang Li, Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Due to the increase in world’s population and technologies, and the limited fossil fuel reserves, efforts have been taken to seek alternative energy resources, such as bioenergy that is produced from renewable biomass, to meet the increasing need for energy. The feedstocks for bioenergy production can include the waste biomass from forestry and agricultural sectors and various industries such as food processing industry and pulp and paper industry, making a profit while saving costs from waste management.

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Effect Of Organic Solvent On Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in CO2 environment

Product Number: 51322-17942-SG

Author: Xi Wang, Shuai Ren, Yi He, David Young, Marc Singer, Maalek Mohamed-Said, and Sheyla Camperos

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion inhibitors is commonly used to combat internal corrosion of mild steel pipelines in oil and gas production and transmission systems. Since the corrosive environment and flow conditions could vary in different fields, small scale laboratory testing is essential to determine the effectiveness of inhibitors in specific corrosive environments. To ensure the accuracy of inhibitor dosage in a small-scale lab setup, the inhibitor often needs to be pre-diluted before addition to the test electrolyte. This pre-dilution has the potential to lead to experimental errors. However, little information can be found about pre-dilution steps, and their influence on inhibition phenomena, in the open literature.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance