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Developing an Appropriate Heat Treatment Protocol for Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 for Oil and Gas Applications

Product Number: 51323-18793-SG

Author: M.R. Stoudt, M.E. Williams, J.S. Zuback, K.W. Moon, C.E. Campbell, C.R. Beauchamp, M. Yunovich

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformative technology that has opened areas of design space that were previously inaccessible by enabling the production of complex, three-dimensional parts and intricate geometries that were impractical to produce via traditional manufacturing methods. However, the extreme thermo-mechanical conditions in the AM build process (e.g., cooling rates ranging from 103 K/s
to 106 K/s and repeated heating/cooling cycles) generate deleterious microstructures with high residual stresses, and extreme compositional gradients.

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Developing Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum Alloys in Ethylene Glycol Coolant Solutions

Product Number: 51324-20382-SG

Author: Behzad Bavarian; Lisa Reiner

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Different vapor phase corrosion inhibitors were evaluated to determine their corrosion inhibition for aluminum alloys in Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) coolant mixture. When the temperature exceeds 80°C, ethylene glycol can decompose into organic acids. The resulting acidic environments cause severe localized corrosion of aluminum alloys. The corrosion behavior was studied at multiple temperatures in different corrosion inhibitors using different concentrations. Corrosion inhibitor VCI-A, VCI-B, VCI-C, and VCI-D at 2.5-3.0% dosage showed excellent corrosion protection. VCI-A, VCI-C and VCI-D maintained a steady, low corrosion rate during long term exposure by neutralizing pH and forming a hydrophobic film. They increase the polarization resistance by a significant factor, therefore, lowered corrosion rate. VCI-B inhibitor, also showed the ability to reduce the corrosion rate of aluminum in ethylene glycol solutions. However, due to its high pH chemistry, the effective dosage should be maintained at <2.5% to avoid any potential increase in pH that can promote localized corrosion or under-deposit corrosion attacks of aluminum alloys. The results of this investigation demonstrated that these inhibitors can lower the corrosion rate in water-ethylene glycol solutions by neutralizing pH and forming stable films.

Development And Application Of A Thermochemical Database (MSTDB-TC) To Modeling Corrosion In Molten Salt Reactors

Product Number: ED22-17137-SG

Author: Theodore M. Besmann, Jacob A. Yingling, Johnathan C. Ard, Matthew S. Christian, Amir M. Mofrad, Juliano Schorne Pinto, Mahmoud A. A. Aslani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Accurate representations of the thermochemistry and phase equilibria of relevant molten salt constituents and their aggregate behavior are critical to the development, design, operation, and licensing of any molten salt reactor (MSR). This need is currently being addressed by the creation of a dedicated, high quality/validated MSR thermochemical database, the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database-Thermochemical (MSTDB-TC). MSTDB-TC is being populated with prioritized models and values for vapor species, and liquid and crystalline phases of chloride and fluoride fuel and coolant salts with relevant fission product and transuranic elements, and more recently with corrosion-relevant systems with chromium, iron, and nickel. Multi-cation crystalline and melt solution models are being incorporated, including newly developed relations as necessary, to obtain real system behavior.

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Development and Implementation of High-Pressure Large-Diameter RTR Pipe Systems for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines

Product Number: MECC23-20061-SG

Author: Alwin Fahrer; Lamont Inglehart

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

To maintain production levels, oil fields in the Middle East increasingly require water injection to maintain pressure in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected water increases the water cut of the produced fluids, resulting in a very corrosive mixture for metallic piping. Therefore, nonmetallic pipe systems have become more widely accepted as alternative pipe materials for transporting produced fluids and injection water.

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Development and Testing of a Mechanistic Based Atmospheric Corrosion Prediction System

Product Number: 51323-18962-SG

Author: A.R. Trueman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The work here is the culmination of many years of prior effort in the development of an atmospheric corrosion model and accompanying sensors. Atmospheric corrosion is a complicated process where many factors interact to determine if it occurs and its severity. These factors can be separated into
three general categories: environmental, surface salts, and materials.

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Development of A Combined Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Multiphase Oil Field in Brazil

Product Number: 51323-18810-SG

Author: Larry Chen, Nihal Obeyesekere, Aline Kina, Lisa Greaney

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This production asset located in the deep-water offshore Brazil, producing heavy oil in the range of 16 to 24 oAPI. Mudline caisson separators with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used to process fluids from multiple wells and boost them to the receiving floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel(1). There are significant flow-assurance and corrosion challenges in operating the asset. One of the challenges is the production fields have limited subsea umbilical, necessitate the use of
multifunctional products to maintain the field’s integrity and mitigate any flow assurance and scale issues.

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Development Of A F22 Compatible Scale Inhibitor

Product Number: 51322-17610-SG

Author: Ya Liu, Benton Hutchinson, Rose Lehman, Jeffrey Russek, James Outlaw

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

F22 is a low alloy steel that typically contains 12% Carbon, 2.25% Chromium, and 1.0% Molybdenum1. This steel has been widely used in oil production systems, especially in well head design and construction. As a low alloy steel, F22 can be corroded by oilfield chemicals under certain circumstances. For example, it was observed in the Gulf of Mexico that typical scale inhibitor chemistries caused severe corrosion on F22.

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Development of a Gas-Phase Corrosion Inhibitor for Wet-Gas Carbon Dioxide Corrosion at 200°C

Product Number: 51323-18829-SG

Author: Wei Zhang, Jason Moses, William Cardwell, Samar Agha Keshmiri, Khoa Ky, David Orta, Alyn Jenkins

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Although organic corrosion inhibitors have been widely applied in the energy industry, many details regarding their protection mechanism remain unknown. For example, a corrosion inhibitor adsorbs on the clean steel/aqueous solution interface, driven by electrostatic interaction. With the corrosion product
layer formed, how would the inhibitor adsorption interact with the corrosion product nucleation and precipitation? What is the effect of pre-corrosion in inhibitor testing?

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Development of a Master Curve to Characterize the Susceptibility of Fastener Materials to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51324-20813-SG

Author: Ted L Anderson; Behrang Fahmi; Herman E. Amaya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper introduces an innovative approach for mitigating hydrogen embrittlement in materials used in underwater environments, a critical challenge in marine engineering. Our study focuses on developing a comprehensive 'master curve' that encapsulates the complex interplay among key factors: hydrogen concentration, applied potential, and material strength. This curve serves as a predictive tool for evaluating the susceptibility of materials to hydrogen embrittlement, a phenomenon that lacks a one-size-fits-all solution. Through fracture mechanics testing of carbon steel alloys and rigorous analysis, quantitative relationships between these factors are established. This research not only aids in optimizing material selection and designing effective cathodic protection systems but also ensures enhanced safety and integrity in operational contexts. The master curve, rooted in both empirical data and theoretical insights, offers a strategic framework for engineers and industry professionals, guiding decisions that enhance the durability and reliability of subsea equipment.

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Development Of A Tool To Track The Fraction Of Injected Water In Produced Water Streams

Product Number: 51323-19130-SG

Author: Thibaut V. J. Charpentier, Rose Lehman, Andre Leontieff

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Waterflooding is a common secondary recovery technique where injection water (IW) is used to maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. During such operations, the mobile hydrocarbon phase is displaced along with formation water (FW) toward producing wells. The resulting produced water stream is a blend of FW and IW; these waters can be incompatible resulting in dissolved ions to precipitate out of solution as mineral scale.

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Development of a Versatile Continuous Application Based Corrosion Inhibitor to Mitigate Top-of-the-Line Corrosion under Both Sweet and Sour Operating Conditions

Product Number: MECC23-19972-SG

Author: Jeremy Moloney

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) of carbon steel (CS) pipelines can be encountered during the transportation of wet gas under stratified flow conditions where temperature differences between the internal and external environments results in condensation of saturated vapors and water-wetted surface on the upper portion of the inside pipeline surface causing corrosion issues.1 Initially at least, the condensed water phase can be particularly corrosive with a low pH caused by dissolved acid gases (such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) as well as organic acids in an unbuffered thin water film. Like bottom-of-the-line corrosion, TLC can be dominated by either carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide corrosion mechanisms.

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Development of a Water Ballast Tank Coating Monitoring System

Product Number: 51323-19320-SG

Author: Anders W. B. Skilbred, Kevin Farinholt, Erik Risberg, Fritz Friedersdorf

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Inspection of ballast tanks and enclosures is generally performed using traditional methods such as
visual inspection and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. However, it is common for these
methods to often be labor intensive and limited by physical restrictions that prohibit access to certain
areas. Further, the evaluation of the coating condition is heavily dependent on the inspector, and the
quality of the data gathered is varying.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance