AMPP Store - AMPP Conference Papers

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Condition Assessment of 66 kV Underground Transmission Lines in Concrete Vaults

Product Number: 51324-20826-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam; Aaron Ulmer; Nathan Pace; Mehrooz Zamanzadeh

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper focuses on assessing the condition of steel pipe cable sections within concrete vaults, serving as protective covers for conductors transmitting up to 66,000 volts. To prevent internal corrosion and short circuits, these cables are filled with pressurized oil. However, water accumulation during storms frequently submerges the cables in water in the concrete vaults, presenting significant challenges for external corrosion protection. Through condition assessment, it was determined that the coating on the 6-5/8" (16.8 cm) diameter steel carrier pipe remained in satisfactory condition. However, the coating on the 14" (35.56 cm) diameter steel casing exhibited poor condition and no longer provided adequate corrosion protection. This paper investigates the underlying causes of premature coating failure and proposes a recommended coating system considering the elevated temperatures experienced by the pipe cables. The findings contribute to enhancing the durability and effectiveness of coatings for submerged steel pipe cables, addressing the challenges posed by water submersion and ensuring long-term corrosion protection. Also, we discuss the temperature and corrosion monitoring by wireless Sensor.

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Conditioning Of Steel Surfaces With Various Abrasive Blast Media And Effect On Coating Performance

Product Number: 51322-17888-SG

Author: Andrew Recker, Darryl Corbin, Yuxin Zhai

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Over the past few decades surface preparation standards have been implemented to provide guidance on determining the necessary surface cleanliness for specific applications. Prior to such standards, surfaces were prepared as they saw fit at the time of application which created high variability in performance of the protective coating. Since the standards were developed, the resulting performance consistency has become increased significantly. Such standards discuss a visual inspection of the steel after an abrasive material has been used to remove scale, rust, and other discoloration soils.

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Conducting Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe Condition Assessment By Matching Corrosion Damage Mechanisms To Diagnostic Methods

Product Number: 51322-18234-SG

Author: Robert A. (Randy) Nixon,

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The major damage mechanisms for Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) are well-known for both water transmission mains and wastewater force mains.

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Considerations Associated With the Selection of Electrochemical Protection Systems for a High-Rise Building in Sydney, Australia

Product Number: 51323-18844-SG

Author: Blane McGuiness, Atef Cheaitani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The case study presented in this paper is for a 7-story apartment building situated in a beach-front location in Sydney, Australia. The building was constructed circa 1977 and over the years was affected by concrete defects related to chloride ingress from the adjacent sea front.

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Considerations Associated with the Selection of Electrochemical Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Product Number: 51323-19045-SG

Author: Atef Cheaitani, Samir Cheytani, Martin Cheytani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) for reinforced concrete structures has been installed on numerous bridges and wharves in Australia over the past 40 years. The exposure conditions at the majority of these bridges and wharves made them more susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion.

The ICCP systems in Australia are designed, installed and monitored in accordance with the global cathodic protection standards such as AMPP Standard SP 0290-2019, International Standard ISO 12696:2022, and Australian Standard AS 2832.5 – 2008 (R2018).

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Considering Mass Transfer in Refinery Crude Distillation Overhead Water Wash

Product Number: 51323-18757-SG

Author: Joel E. Lack

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper proposes a theory for how a successful water wash achieves salt corrosion control, the mass-transfer considerations driving this process and how popular practices may contribute to or hinder successful outcomes.

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Continuous Corrosion Monitoring In HF Alkylation Units Including The Effects Of Iron Fluoride Scale Build-Up

Product Number: 51322-17489-SG

Author: William Fazackerley & Attila Gajdacsi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In oil refineries, one corrosion issue occurs each week worldwide that leads to a severe incident such as sudden leakages, e.g., resulting from pipe ruptures.^[1] These facts emphasize the need for corrosion control in refineries. Corrosion monitoring is one important approach to utilize and can maximize equipment integrity and productivity.

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Contribution Of Cathodic Reaction Inside Crevice On Propagation Of Crevice Corrosion Of 304L SS In Chloride Solution

Product Number: ED22-17321-SG

Author: Kazuki Yakata, Yutaka Watanabe, Yuichi Fukaya

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

On March 2011 at Fukushima Daiichi NPS, seawater was injected into spent fuel pools just after the accident for emergency cooling. The temperature of the water in a pool raised up to 93 ℃, and the chloride ion concentration raised up to 1,944 ppm (maximum) after seawater injection. In this high temperature and high chloride ion concentration environment, localized corrosion including crevice corrosion may have occurred on components made of passive metals such as stainless steels. The environment is assumed to be susceptible to crevice corrosion for 304 SS based on laboratory experiments and the concept of ER, CREV. There is a low possibility of initiating localized corrosion after the water was purified and deoxygenated. However, it is not certain whether localized corrosion, once initiated and propagated under the severe condition, will repassivate after the bulk water is purified. It is necessary to examine the continuity of crevice corrosion propagation when the bulk water is purified and deaerated, which means the cathodic reactions outside the crevice will no longer contribute to the propagation of the corrosion.

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Contribution to the Understanding of Hydrogen Stress Cracking Initiation and Propagation in Nickel Based Alloys

Product Number: 51323-18873-SG

Author: Bruce Cowe, Flavien Vucko, Hervé Marchebois, Laurent Ponson

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper presents work in follow-up to the previous study. It is focused on UNS1 N07718, UNS N09925, UNS N07725 and UNS N09946. A series of incremental step load tests of compact tensile specimens were conducted to measure the fracture toughness during testing and cracking was monitored by the Electric Crack Growth Monitoring technique. A new engineering technique, referred to as statistical fractography, was used to investigate the fracture surface morphology and extract from it the fracture properties of the alloys.

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Control of Reservoir Souring and Corrosion Prevention in Production Systems in Response to Nitrate Injection Cessation

Product Number: 51324-20806-SG

Author: Renato M. De Paula; Christopher Jones; Matt Streets; Leanne Walker; Muna Mouhamud

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Reservoir souring remains a challenging problem for the oil & gas industry, especially in aging assets where H2S and microorganisms from the reservoir can pose a serious risk to the integrity of producing wells and equipment. Nitrate treatment is commonly used to control SRB activity in the reservoir, but it is not always effective due to poor subsurface definition and increasing volumes required over time. In this study, we evaluated the use of a biocide to replace nitrate injection in reservoir conditions when nitrate is no longer effective to control SRB activity. We used sour, sand-packed reactors to evaluate a biocide formulation applied prior to and after nitrate cessation. Measurements of VFAs, nitrate, sulfide and genomic analysis were used to assess souring and changes in the microbial population. The results indicated that biocide was successful to remediate souring when applied before AND after the nitrate treatments. However, the cumulative amount of generated sulfide was higher when the biocide was applied after nitrate cessation, indicating the need of temporary co-injection of nitrate and biocide to prevent a H2S wave period. Genomic analysis indicated that this formulation specifically targeted the SRB rather than broadly killing the microbial population. Taken together, this study highlights a new strategy to control reservoir souring and potential corrosion issues in producing wells.

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Controlling AC Safety And Corrosion Risks on Pipelines with Digital Twins

Product Number: MECC23-20075-SG

Author: Christophe Baete

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

According NACE21414 and ISO18086 standards AC corrosion risks on pipelines requires knowledge on the AC and CP current density on a coating defect or coupon. The induced voltage is mainly a result of the pipeline coating properties, connections to grounded structures (anode beds, other pipelines, AC grounding systems, etc.) and the powerline characteristics (AC load, phase arrangement, tower configuration, etc.). A proper mitigation design engineering study should include all these variables.

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Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide Using Acrolein in Produced Water and Mixed Phase Production

Product Number: 51323-19555-SG

Author: Miles Horton, Cody May, Ya Lui, Gil Guerrero, Zhengwei Liu, Brandon Stephens

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Acrolein, or 2-propenal, is a small unsaturated aldehyde with the chemical formula C3H4O. It is a liquid at room temperature and has a number of uses for oilfield and agricultural applications. This paper discusses the use of acrolein for control of dissolved sulfide in oilfield fluids, both produced water and mixed production.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance