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An Environmental Performance Comparison of Premium Vs. Standard Grades Used in Non-Magnetic Drill Collars

Product Number: 51324-20685-SG

Author: Flavia Kudla; Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Non-magnetic drill collar (NMDC) alloys are (Cr-Mn/Cr-Mn-Ni)-Mo-N proprietary austenitic stainless steels that meet minimum API Specification 7-1 requirements. Among NMDC alloys, a wide range of chemical compositions and environmental performance exist with similar mechanical requirements. NMDC alloy proprietary compositions may be grouped into premium and standard grades and, depending on the product and operation requirements, the drilling conditions may lean more towards one group versus the other. This paper evaluates and compares the corrosion performance of representative alloys from these two groups in terms of weight-loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and environmentally assisted cracking in two simulated drilling muds. The test program accounts for different levels of chlorides, dissolved oxygen, brine pH, and temperature, in order to reproduce corrosion in the environment(s) and temperature(s) representative of field jobs. This investigation aims to understand and identify corrosion and cracking limits of the alloys from the premium and standard groups; and consequently, provide guidance to improve operational reliability and increase NMDCs life in the field.

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An Evaluation of Well Completion Materials for Impure Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Streams in Hydrocarbon Production and Geological Carbon Sequestration

Product Number: MECC23-20034-SG

Author: Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents to traditional industrial emitters a critical transitional technology to globally manage greenhouse gas emission, meet the latest carbon net-zero ambitions, and continue the commercial use of fossil fuels. In CCS, anthropogenic CO2 is captured near emission, treated, compressed, transported (usually by steel pipelines), injected underground through casings, tubings, and completion equipment, and finally permanently stored into saline formations, aquifers, depleted (abandoned) reservoirs, or un-mineable coal seams. [1] Depending upon emitters, the injected CO2 is either near or in a dense state (i.e., indistinctly including a supercritical phase and potentially liquids) having various impurities.

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An Expanded Characterization of Environmental Severity for Naval Air Stations

Product Number: 51324-20665-SG

Author: Steven Kopitzke; Ian Long; Alexander Lilly; Kaylee Canales; Allison Muenzer

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Characterizing the risk of corrosion due to environmental severity is critical when developing condition-based maintenance practices, planning facility maintenance or developing predictive corrosion models. In light of that, a research study was conducted to characterize and rank the environmental severity of Naval Air Stations across the world. In addition, the research team utilized the most recent recommendation for environmental severity assessment from the AMPP SC-07 committee as a secondary effort in this study. This report will describe both the environmental severity rankings of the sites along with evaluating the effectiveness of the SC-07 recommendations.

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An Experimental Investigation of Ductile Material Deformation as a Result of Single Particle Impacts

Product Number: 51323-19438-SG

Author: Yeshwanth Raj Rajkumar, Siamack A. Shirazi, Hadi Arabnejad, Krishnaraj Sambath, Soroor Karimi, Hariprasad J. Subramani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In many industrial applications such as oil and gas production, mining, and renewable energy systems such as concentrated solar power (CSP), solid particles impact the walls of the pipeline, piping components, and equipment resulting in wear and degradation of the component material. Erosion is the dynamic process of removing material from a solid surface due to the repeated impact of solid particles. When a single solid particle impacts the surface, the material deforms, and eventually, the material is removed upon successive impacts of particles.

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An Experimental Method for Environmental Assisted Fatigue of 304L Stainless Steel in Simulated LWR Water

Product Number: ED22-18335-SG

Author: Mustafa Subasic, Jean Smith, Pål Efsing, Martin Bjurman, Mattias Thuvander, Carl Dahlberg, Bo Alfredsson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Environmental assisted fatigue, also known as corrosion fatigue, is a well-known degradation phenomenon in structural materials that may develop as a consequence of long-time exposure of components to cyclic loads at the presence of an aggressive environment. This phenomenon constitutes an increased environmental risk for fatigue initiation in many industrial applications. One such application is the piping system in a nuclear power plant where the structural material is subjected to an aggressive water environment. Here, the cyclic loads arise from thermal fluctuations and mechanically induced vibrations.

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An Exploratory Investigation of the Cracking Susceptibility of Three Corrosion Resistant Alloys under Thermal Cycles and Conditions Exceeding the Traditional NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Recommendations

Product Number: 51324-20455-SG

Author: Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) of three wrought corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) with a minimum yield strength of 110ksi (760MPa) was investigated between 70°F (21°C) and 450°F (232°C) through weekly thermal cycles totalizing 42 days. The thermal cycling was introduced to approximate service equipment conditions and gain additional confidence on the EAC-free limits of all three CRAs. Alloys 17-4PH, K-500, and 925 were selected and exposed to a 180,000-ppm NaCl brine (pH=2.75) in equilibrium with 1000 psi (68.95 bar) H2S, 1000 psi (68.95 bar) CO2, and 2500 psi (172.37 bar) CH4. All three CRAs were (a) acquired as per the NACE MR0175/ISO 1516 requirements (1), (b) tested as per NACE TM0177 Method C at 30-to-90% of the CRA minimum specified minimum yield strength (SMYS), and (c) also compared for their weight-loss corrosion and localized corrosion. The results show: (a) Alloy 17-4PH remains resistant to EAC below 45% of its SMYS, (b) Alloy K-500 resists cracking at an estimated 80% of its SMYS, but uniformly corrodes by sulfide conversion under film at a rate of 64 mpy (1.63 mm/yr.), and (c) Alloy 925 continues to be immune to EAC at 90% of its SMYS. Alloy 17-4PH also corroded at a rate of 22.8 mpy (0.58 mm/yr.) in comparison to only 0.6 mpy (15.2 mm/yr.) for Alloy 925, with no CRA showing experiencing crevice corrosion.

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An In-Depth Investigation into the Causes of the Performance Variations of Liquid-Applied Pipeline Coatings on Different Types of Abrasives Prepared Surfaces

Product Number: 51323-19561-SG

Author: Shan (Sherry) Rao

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Dry abrasive blast cleaning is a commonly used surface preparation method to achieve the necessary surface cleanliness and roughness for the application of high-performance protective coatings. The effectiveness of abrasive blast cleaning depends on various factors, and some studies have indicated that the blasting abrasive used to clean the surface is crucial for the performance of the coating. The previous work evaluated the performances of two liquid-applied epoxy pipeline coatings (coating A and coating B) applied to 15 different surfaces.

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An Innovative Thermoplastic Coating For CUI Applications

Product Number: 51322-18122-SG

Author: Hindrik Harm Broesder

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

An innovative thermoplastic type of coating material based on pure isobutene homopolymer was investigated to determine whether it would be fit for purpose in CUI services at low and moderate temperatures up to 120 °C. This polymer is commonly called Polyisobutene (PIB) and has a unique set of properties that are beneficial for protecting metallic structures from corrosion. Polyisobutene is a polyolefin with a chemical structure similar to Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP). One of the major differences is that PE and PP are solid materials with a high degree of crystallinity, whereas PIB does not have a crystallization or melting temperature. PIB has a glass transition temperature (T_g) below – 60 °C which indicates that the polymer is a liquid above this temperature.

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An Insight to the RBI of Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) and Corrosion under Fireproofing (CUF)

Product Number: 51324-21057-SG

Author: Yashar Behnamian; Duane Serate; Gordon Cheuk Hei Ho; Aaron Mcdonald; Simon Yuen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper covers the risk-based inspection (RBI) practices to address external corrosion under insulation (CUI) and corrosion under fireproofing (CUF). The paper discusses risk-based inspection practices of the external corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steels under insulation and fireproofing and the external chloride stress corrosion cracking (ECSCC) of austenitic and duplex stainless steels under insulation, and the external stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel under mineral wool insulation. The RBI methodology described consists of 4 steps, including unit level prioritization, challenging the need for insulation, data validation, and detailed RBI analysis. These steps work together to identify units at higher risk of CUI and CUF, develop an appropriate inspection plan to mitigate CUI and CUF, enhance personnel safety, and reduce unnecessary expenditures. The risk of CUI and CUF failure can be quantified by considering the likelihood of occurrence and severity of consequence.

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An Integrated Probabilistic Approach to Predicting the Occurrence of Atmospheric Stress Corrosion Cracking of Dry Storage Canisters

Product Number: 51323-18893-SG

Author: Aaron J. Stenta, Brandon R. Rollins, Gerald Young, Narasi Sridhar, Ramgopal Thodla

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is currently stored in stainless steel dry storage canisters (DSCs) contained within concrete cask systems with passive ambient air cooling. These systems are emplaced, either horizontally or vertically, at independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), located at utility reactor sites. The ambient air introduces moisture, aerosolized salt particles, and dust to the canister surfaces. The composition of the aerosols depends on geographical factors, such as proximity to the ocean,
industrial area, rural areas, and transportation corridors that use road salt for winterization.

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An Investigation of External Corrosion At Ambient Temperature On Thermally Insulated Pipes Under Ageing Conditions

Product Number: 51323-19350-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana, George Jarjoura, Graham Brigham, Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is among the key damage mechanisms in the hydrocarbon industry which mainly manifests localized corrosion on thermally insulated equipment, tanks, piping, and pipelines. CUI is a highly frequent degradation in the oil refining facilities where reportedly 40-60% of failures in the piping result from CUI. In addition, small bore piping (i.e., nominal pipe size, NPS < 4 inch. or 100 mm) are even more prone to CUI and reportedly up to 81% of failures in these piping caused by CUI.

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An Investigation of Failure at Road Crossings for Oil & Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51324-20753-SG

Author: Yasar Irshad; Ahmad Raza Khan Rana

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The segments of pipelines under highway crossings and rail crossings require additional considerations in their design and construction due to variable loadings, limited access, and other external factors. This paper discusses the outcomes of a study carried out to investigate the potential factors that contributed to pitting corrosion resulting in pipeline failure at a road crossing section. This paper will highlight the impact of underground water containing corrosive compounds such as chlorides in the failure of pipelines. The insights derived from this research will allow engineers to select the ideal construction methodology, choose suitable coating and insulating materials and implement adequate inspection and monitoring approaches to limit the factors that contribute to threats of corrosion. This paper will also discuss the most suitable solution and recommendations to prevent these failures arising from pitting corrosion in underground highway crossing sections of pipelines.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance