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Aggregating And Standardizing Disjointed Integrity Management Data

Product Number: 51322-17646-SG

Author: Robert Floria, Alfonso Garcia

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Regulation and business needs of an organization are primary drivers for the decisions made in a pipeline integrity management data plan. How data is acquired and stored can vary greatly as determined by those factors. Two production databases and multiple remote sensor vendor databases are referenced in this text, each with a business case to operate independently.

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Aggressive Stray Current Corrosion on an Onshore Crude Line

Product Number: 51323-19499-SG

Author: Yusuf A. Nasidi, Mohammed S. Hamaqi, Hassan A. Al Basri

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The company operates several thousands of kilometers of pipelines that transport oil and gas from the offshore and onshore fields. A Risk Based Inspection (RBI) approach is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline system in accordance with the design, company, and legal requirements.

During one of the many planned In-Line Inspection (ILI) programs undertaken to determine the integrity status of their pipelines, a 48" crude pipeline was reported to have significant external corrosion on one of its onshore sections with reported metal loss of up to 93% of its nominal wall thickness.

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AISI 420/410 Modified Martensitic Stainless Steel bar Stock Materials Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance in Mildly Sour Environments

Product Number: 51323-18759-SG

Author: Roberto Morana, Lee Smith, Perry Nice, Lucrezia Scoppio, Marc Müller, Karola Klenke, Roberta Prencipe, Luciana Intiso

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) is widely used for downhole production tubing and liners in the Oil & Gas industry. Optimization of the tubular material chemistry, cleanliness and manufacturing route has delivered useful performance in H2S-containing environments (specifically SSC and stress corrosion cracking [SCC])3 resistance4,5,6. Some tubular accessories and most completion equipment require sizes not readily delivered by tubular product form. In these instances, bar stock material is a pragmatic choice.

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Alleviating Stray Current Concerns “Our Infrastructure is Corroding!”

Product Number: 51323-19233-SG

Author: Kevin J. Sunderman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stray current prevention, where do you start? When dealing with stray current from a DC Transit
system it is all about building in “layers” of protection. This begins right from the start of your project through the creation of a design and maintenance guideline, through construction with inspection and testing plans and then through long range testing and maintenance plans.

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Alloy 182 Models for the Prediction of the Susceptibility to SCC of BMI Nozzle J-welds

Product Number: ED22-17286-SG

Author: Thierry Couvant

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) models are important for engineering and regulatory assessments. The SCC time to the growth of a crack of engineering scale is the main fraction of component life prior to failure and is therefore of significant interest for modeling. However, the stochastic characteristics of early crack development is challenging for model development and validation.

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Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51322-17538-SG

Author: Kyohei Kanki, Katsuhiro Nishihara, Masayuki Sagara, Hisashi Amaya, Hideki Takabe

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H₂S and CO₂. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO₂ gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.

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Aluminum Cold Spray for Aircraft Structural Repair

Product Number: 51323-18963-SG

Author: Sarah E. Galyon Dorman, Morish J. Ausherman, Justin W. Rausch

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Cold Spray (CS) is a solid-state deposition repair method that deposits 1-50um powder particles onto a substrate. A compressed gas acts as carrier to accelerate the particles through a converging-diverging nozzle to the substrate at supersonic speeds. Critical impact velocity is the velocity that is required to achieve sufficient bonding. CS process parameters as well as powder properties can be adjusted to achieve such velocities. The type of carrier gas will also change the spray velocity. Helium has the lowest molecular weight which allows for higher gas and particle velocity upon impact.

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Aluminum Floating Roof Damage from Hydrotesting

Product Number: 51324-20804-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam; Jane Brown; Krista Heidersbach; Lokesh Choudhary

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

During construction or refurbishment of crude oil tanks, hydrotesting is routinely performed, sometimes with an aluminum floating roof or pontoons in place. Upon occasion, damage has been sustained to the aluminum floating roofs in a relatively short period of time. Damage is commonly believed to be a result of poor water quality with bacteria or chlorides being suspected of causing the corrosion. Galvanic coupling between the roof and the carbon steel tank has also been cited as a potential contributing factor. Experiments were set up using three types of aluminum alloys: AA 3003, AA 5052-H32 and AA 6061. The objective of the study was to replicate some common field conditions and to determine which mechanism could be the primary cause of damage; chlorides, bacteria or galvanic coupling. It is possible that the damage mechanisms act in concert, creating early life damage / failures. This paper shares some details from case studies on existing tanks and the results of the lab work to help pinpoint and identify the primary cause of such failures. The goal of this project was to approach this problem holistically.

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Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking of Admiralty Brass Heat Exchanger Tubes in Refinery Cooling Water System

Product Number: 51324-20970-SG

Author: Sudharsanan Soundararajan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Instrument air (IA) system is one of the critical systems in the utilities section of a refinery complex. IA system of this refinery consists of compressor package and dryer package to supply air to refinery header at 0.9Mpa (128 psi) with dew point less than -20degC (-4degF). The 3 stage compressors have intercoolers with extended plate surface fin type tubes. The metallurgy of the tubes is Admiralty brass SB-111 C44300. In this cooler, compressed air is in the shell side and fresh cooling water on the tube side. All 8 intercoolers in the compressor package leaked in a period of 1 month. A failed sample tube was analyzed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Stereo Microscope, SEM/EDS and XRD. This paper discusses the findings and the methodology used to identify the reason for failure as Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking. Process parameter analysis revealed that the leak from a recycle gas cooler in Hydrocracker unit as the possible source for ammonia in cooling water system. The full-length tube expansion for plate type fins is the source for residual stress. This paper briefs upon the IOW and the monitoring mechanisms for such mixed metallurgy closed loop cooling water system.

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An Approach to Assess Environmental Severity Categories Using Corrosion Sensors

Product Number: 51324-20739-SG

Author: James Dante; Erica Macha; Andrew Keller; Michael Hartnett; Shengyen Li

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This work examines data from a multi-year, large deployment of corrosion sensors in a variety of locations representing a range of corrosivity severities. The corrosion sensors used in this work measure atmospheric parameters including relative humidity and temperature in addition to conductance of the electrolyte formed by salt deposition. First, a rudimentary model is developed based on a small sampling of corrosion sites to demonstrate a means by which environmental parameters (RH, temperature, and conductance) can be viewed to assess environmental severity. The model is simplified and applied to a broader number of sites to determine its viability for predicting severity. Results are compared to current Air Force severity rankings and literature data separately.

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An Artificial Intelligence Based Application to Predict Internal Corrosion Risk in Produced Gas Flowlines

Product Number: MECC23-20098-SG

Author: Mohammed S. Alqahtani; Muhammad Sohaib Khan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion in pipes is a major challenge for the oil and gas industry which leads to expensive failures, production loss and safety issues. The corrosion problems in gas producing operations are complex and depends on lot of factors including but not limited to process stream chemistry, material of construction and operating conditions.

CO2 corrosion of carbon steel (C-steel) materials is one of the main corrosion mechanisms encountered in the oil and gas industry.

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An Enhanced Prediction Model For Simultaneous Naphthenic Acid And Sulfidic Corrosion Quantification

Product Number: 51322-17901-SG

Author: Winston Robbins, Sridhar Srinivasan, Abbey Wing, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes.^1-4 In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures.^5-7 Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.^8-11 Although sulfidation and acid corrosion occur over the same temperature range, they differ in two significant ways. Sulfidation forms an iron sulfide solid that is semiresistant to further corrosion and relatively insensitive to flow velocity. Acids form oil soluble organic salts that can be washed away especially in areas of high turbulence.^12-14

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance