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An Enhanced Prediction Model For Simultaneous Naphthenic Acid And Sulfidic Corrosion Quantification

Picture for An Enhanced Prediction Model For Simultaneous Naphthenic Acid And Sulfidic Corrosion Quantification
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Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes.1-4   In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures.5-7 Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.8-11  Although sulfidation and acid corrosion occur over the same temperature range, they differ in two significant ways.  Sulfidation forms an iron sulfide solid that is semiresistant to further corrosion and relatively insensitive to flow velocity.  Acids form oil soluble organic salts that can be washed away especially in areas of high turbulence.12-14  

Product Number: 51322-17901-SG
Author: Winston Robbins, Sridhar Srinivasan, Abbey Wing, Gerrit Buchheim
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
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$20.00
$20.00

Refinery operators face increasingly complex challenges in managing integrity of process units and assets – driven by the goal to achieve operational excellence and maximize asset performance while minimizing costs and maintaining the highest safety standards.  Naphthenic acids (NAP) and organic sulfur compounds (OSC) present in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in oil refineries, especially with the increase in processing of lower-quality, opportunity crudes. In oil at 400-750F (204400C), simultaneous naphthenic acid plus sulfidation reactions (SNAPS) remove iron (Fe) from steel surfaces. In Corrosion/2021, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts SNAPS corrosion rates. The current paper describes the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport to vessel walls. Unlike empirical industry correlation models, the new model takes a radically different, molecular view of hot oil corrosion.  The model captures concurrent reaction rates among carbon steel, NAP, OSC, and corrosion products. Competitive adsorption between NAP and OSC and the role of a nano-particulate barrier layer result in para-linear algorithms. Factors are applied to compensate for the reduction of iron surface availability from alloys.     Inputs include typical refinery operating / process parameters, oil composition and properties commonly available in a refinery. The model predicts instantaneous and average corrosion rates as well as cumulative metal loss while incorporating reactions simultaneously generating and depleting a “barrier layer”. This is accomplished by including additional steps in the NAP and OSC reaction mechanisms. The effect of flow conditions on corrosion kinetics is determined in terms of mass transport or accelerated mass transport of reactive species toward the vessel walls

Refinery operators face increasingly complex challenges in managing integrity of process units and assets – driven by the goal to achieve operational excellence and maximize asset performance while minimizing costs and maintaining the highest safety standards.  Naphthenic acids (NAP) and organic sulfur compounds (OSC) present in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in oil refineries, especially with the increase in processing of lower-quality, opportunity crudes. In oil at 400-750F (204400C), simultaneous naphthenic acid plus sulfidation reactions (SNAPS) remove iron (Fe) from steel surfaces. In Corrosion/2021, the authors introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts SNAPS corrosion rates. The current paper describes the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport to vessel walls. Unlike empirical industry correlation models, the new model takes a radically different, molecular view of hot oil corrosion.  The model captures concurrent reaction rates among carbon steel, NAP, OSC, and corrosion products. Competitive adsorption between NAP and OSC and the role of a nano-particulate barrier layer result in para-linear algorithms. Factors are applied to compensate for the reduction of iron surface availability from alloys.     Inputs include typical refinery operating / process parameters, oil composition and properties commonly available in a refinery. The model predicts instantaneous and average corrosion rates as well as cumulative metal loss while incorporating reactions simultaneously generating and depleting a “barrier layer”. This is accomplished by including additional steps in the NAP and OSC reaction mechanisms. The effect of flow conditions on corrosion kinetics is determined in terms of mass transport or accelerated mass transport of reactive species toward the vessel walls

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Picture for Naphthenic Acid Corrosion And Sulfidic Corrosion In Crude Oil Fractions
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Naphthenic Acid Corrosion And Sulfidic Corrosion In Crude Oil Fractions

Product Number: 51322-17533-SG
Author: Yuhchae Yoon, Hui Li, Kwei Meng Yap
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

In the petroleum industry, much greater attention has been focused on more highly sour and acidic oil resources due to the gradual depletion of conventional sweet oil resources. In addition, reducing crude oil costs have forced to look for opportunity (alternate) crudes, usually low-quality corrosive crude oils with high concentrations of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds.1 The main constituents in the crude that cause corrosion are sulfur compounds, organic and inorganic chlorides, salt water, organic and inorganic acids. Processing of these highly acidic and sulfur-containing crudes at high temperatures in refineries has promoted significant corrosion problem in hot oil distillation units and associated piping systems.
Picture for Naphthenic Acid and Sulfur Containing Crude Oil Corrosion: A Comparative Review
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51316-7598-Naphthenic Acid and Sulfur Containing Crude Oil Corrosion: A Comparative Review

Product Number: 51316-7598-SG
ISBN: 7598 2016 CP
Author: Yuhchae Yoon
Publication Date: 2016
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Picture for Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment
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Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51322-17538-SG
Author: Kyohei Kanki, Katsuhiro Nishihara, Masayuki Sagara, Hisashi Amaya, Hideki Takabe
Publication Date: 2022
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Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H2S and CO2. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO2 gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.
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