Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Save 20% on select titles with code HIDDEN24 - Shop The Sale Now

Thermal Gradient (ΔT) Measurement Of Insulating Systems for Cold Service Applications

Picture for Thermal Gradient (ΔT) Measurement Of Insulating Systems for Cold Service Applications
Available for download

Cryogenic vessels are specifically designed to store cryogenic liquids at very low temperatures, such as −196 °C for liquid N2, −252 °C for liquid H2, -160o C for LNG (liquified natural gas), etc. In case of Pentane/LPG (liquified petroleum gas), though the temperature is higher in the range of -7 to -23o C, cryogenic steel spherical vessels are used for storage as shown in Figure 1.

The large temperature difference between the internal cryogenic liquid and the external environment causes an extremely strong heat transfer between the two, which must be prevented by the thermal insulation material to ensure secure storage of the cryogenic liquid.

Product Number: 51323-19201-SG
Author: Benjamin Chaloner-Gill, Amal Al-Borno, Martin Quintero, Moavin Islam
Publication Date: 2023
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

This paper details the findings of a study conducted to evaluate the performance of a newly developed spray applied Insulation System (Ins-X) as well as an existing Composite Blanket Cladded Insulation System (Ins-Y) for cold service (cryogenic) applications such as that encountered in Pentane/LPG (liquified petroleum gas) storage. One of the options to assess the insulative property of candidate insulation system materials is to measure the thermal gradient or the temperature difference (ΔT) between the inner and outer surface of the insulated storage container. The lower the value of ΔT the better the quality of the insulation system.


Currently there is no standard laboratory method to make such ΔT measurements under simulated field cryogenic conditions. For this study, a novel laboratory test technique and apparatus was developed to simulate low temperature cycling (-6.7, -12.2, -17.8 and -23°C) encountered in Pentane/LPG storage steel spheres. The ΔT between the cooled inner surface and the insulated outer surface of steel panels was measured at different thicknesses of the insulation systems and steel panel thicknesses of 1.91 and 2.54 cm. The new apparatus was found to provide an elegant and reproducible method of making ΔT measurements in the laboratory under simulated field conditions for assessing the quality and performance of insulation systems for cryogenic service.

This paper details the findings of a study conducted to evaluate the performance of a newly developed spray applied Insulation System (Ins-X) as well as an existing Composite Blanket Cladded Insulation System (Ins-Y) for cold service (cryogenic) applications such as that encountered in Pentane/LPG (liquified petroleum gas) storage. One of the options to assess the insulative property of candidate insulation system materials is to measure the thermal gradient or the temperature difference (ΔT) between the inner and outer surface of the insulated storage container. The lower the value of ΔT the better the quality of the insulation system.


Currently there is no standard laboratory method to make such ΔT measurements under simulated field cryogenic conditions. For this study, a novel laboratory test technique and apparatus was developed to simulate low temperature cycling (-6.7, -12.2, -17.8 and -23°C) encountered in Pentane/LPG storage steel spheres. The ΔT between the cooled inner surface and the insulated outer surface of steel panels was measured at different thicknesses of the insulation systems and steel panel thicknesses of 1.91 and 2.54 cm. The new apparatus was found to provide an elegant and reproducible method of making ΔT measurements in the laboratory under simulated field conditions for assessing the quality and performance of insulation systems for cryogenic service.

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Cracking in Aging Austenitic Stainless Steel on Cryogenic Pipeline Application
Available for download

Cracking in Aging Austenitic Stainless Steel on Cryogenic Pipeline Application

Product Number: 51319-13205-SG
Author: Pongpat Lortrakul
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Many unexpected cracks occur in aging of more than eighteen years old austenitic stainless steel on cryogenic pipeline application. The operation needed to be disrupted before undertaking repairs or maintenance; resulting in delay transmission. Systemic Root Cause Analysis reveals that random cracks initiated on external surface when operating condition reaches room temperature. Degradation of cold thermal insulation provides accessibility for air-borne chloride to the pipelines. Fatigue crack propagation through metal is driven by thermal stress during start/stop service operation period proven by microstructure analysis and NDT inspection result. An assessment suggests that the pipeline need to be replaced. Corrosion controls on further pipeline are established.
Picture for A Novel Digital twin Approach for Non-Intrusive Tank Bottom Corrosion Assessment
Available for download

A Novel Digital twin Approach for Non-Intrusive Tank Bottom Corrosion Assessment

Product Number: 51323-18773-SG
Author: Christophe Baete, Bart Van den Bossche, Chihab Abarkane, Sergio Peña, Alejandra Albes
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Assessing the corrosion degradation of aboveground tank bottom plates is a critical challenge for the industry. Internal inspections are a useful way of assessing the integrity of assets but might severely impact normal plant operation. In 2006, Chang et al. conducted a study on storage tank accidents and concluded that 74% of reported accidents occurred in petrochemical refineries, and 85% of them had caused fire and explosions.
Picture for Evaluation of Susceptibility of an API 5L X-52 Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking in Bio-Based Fuel Grade Ethanol Feedstocks
Available for download

Evaluation of Susceptibility of an API 5L X-52 Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking in Bio-Based Fuel Grade Ethanol Feedstocks

Product Number: 51323-18794-SG
Author: Jie He, Brent Sherar, Peter Ellis II, Russ Kane
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Over the past two decades, bio-based fuel-grade ethanols (BFGEs), derived from a variety of agriculture feedstocks (e.g., corn, sugar cane, soybean oil, and sugar beet), are increasingly being used as a renewable energy source to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels for motor vehicle applications. One cost-effective and environmentally benign way to transport BFGEs is through steel transmission pipelines. However, cases of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in the transportation of BFGEs have been documented including some in pipelines.
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support