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51314-3831-The Service History and Performance of Titanium in Geothermal Systems

Picture for The Service History and Performance of Titanium in Geothermal Systems
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Product Number: 51314-3831-SG
ISBN: 3831 2014 CP
Author: William MacDonald
Publication Date: 2014
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Titanium is well known throughout the chemical process industry for its excellent performance across a wide range of harsh environments. Over the last 50 years titanium has been shown time and again to provide unsurpassed service in the chemical petrochemical metal refining/recovery and many other general chloride containing applications. The same has been true for titanium in geothermal brine applications. The US Bureau of Mines first reported on the excellent corrosion performance of titanium more than 30 years ago. The Salton Sea KGR has utilized titanium since the early 1990’s to control the excessive corrosion being experienced in their production wells. Multiple alloys of titanium have been used with for the most part complete success. Production wells that once had an anticipated life of <5 years using cement lined steel with declining production during that life cycle have now been operating for more than 15 years with titanium casing with no loss of production. It is expected that these titanium cased wells will survive the life of the power plant. Titanium is also being considered and tested for use in more typical steam generating wells where HCl condensation has proven to be a corrosion issue and also for EGS applications where recirculated water becomes increasingly more corrosive over time. This paper will focus on the performance of titanium in hypersaline geothermal systems titanium alloy grade selection criteria for production casing and the application of titanium into more traditional steam producing geothermal systems.
Titanium is well known throughout the chemical process industry for its excellent performance across a wide range of harsh environments. Over the last 50 years titanium has been shown time and again to provide unsurpassed service in the chemical petrochemical metal refining/recovery and many other general chloride containing applications. The same has been true for titanium in geothermal brine applications. The US Bureau of Mines first reported on the excellent corrosion performance of titanium more than 30 years ago. The Salton Sea KGR has utilized titanium since the early 1990’s to control the excessive corrosion being experienced in their production wells. Multiple alloys of titanium have been used with for the most part complete success. Production wells that once had an anticipated life of <5 years using cement lined steel with declining production during that life cycle have now been operating for more than 15 years with titanium casing with no loss of production. It is expected that these titanium cased wells will survive the life of the power plant. Titanium is also being considered and tested for use in more typical steam generating wells where HCl condensation has proven to be a corrosion issue and also for EGS applications where recirculated water becomes increasingly more corrosive over time. This paper will focus on the performance of titanium in hypersaline geothermal systems titanium alloy grade selection criteria for production casing and the application of titanium into more traditional steam producing geothermal systems.
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Picture for Development of New Titanium Products and Alloys for Geothermal Well Casing
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51318-11547-Development of New Titanium Products and Alloys for Geothermal Well Casing

Product Number: 51318-11547-SG
Author: W.D. MacDonald / J.S Grauman
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This paper will focus on the laboratory corrosion testing of UNS R53400, R56404 and N06625 in a simulated hypersaline geothermal system, such as found in the Salton Sea KGRA.
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Materials Selection Challenges for Geothermal Energy Projects

Product Number: 51317--9258-SG
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This paper describes some of the materials and process challenges facing geothermal energy developers targeting efficiency improvements and extremes of aggressive geothermal fluid chemistries and temperatures.

 
Picture for Geothermal Corrosion: High-Temperature Pitting of Stainless Steels and Ni-Alloys
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Geothermal Corrosion: High-Temperature Pitting of Stainless Steels and Ni-Alloys

Product Number: 51317--9269-SG
ISBN: 9269 2017 CP
Author: Walter Bogaerts
Publication Date: 2017
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The temperature dependence of the pitting corrosion resistance of a number of stainless steels, Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo materials in a series of high-temperature high-pressure chloride solutions, with or without addition of various (inhibitive) anions: SO4=, HCO3-, PO43-, OH-, etc.
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