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Automated inspection systems are widely used in many industries. Tele-commuting enables an entire spectrum of virtual workers. Tele-inspection combines the automation hardware with a virtually present human-inspector to allow the transfer of manual dexterity in real-time over the internet.
Tele-manufacturing is the ability to accurately transfer manual skillsets from local personnel to remote automation. Initially developed for hot work applications of tele-welding and tele-gouging, tele-manufacturing has been further developed and demonstrated for inspection techniques that are usually performed manually by a certified technician. Skilled nondestructive examination (NDE) technicians can gain visibility into complex problems at remote locations and efficiently implement the necessary solution. Tele-inspection provides the skilled technician the ability to inspect welds, surfaces, and corroded areas from a remote location and allows inspections to be performed in difficult-to-reach locations or in environments dangerous to human health. The overarching intent of any of these tele-manufacturing processes (welding, gouging, inspection, etc.) is to allow anyone anywhere access to technology and equipment that allows them to remain or become fully productive in manufacturing. This paper aims to demonstrate that the development of these technologies provides evidence that this tele-presence can be applied to remote inspection and mitigation of corrosion using tele-presence methods.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a very common active ingredient in oil and gas biocides. While product labels provide broad guidelines application dosing the lowest effective dose of THPS is difficult to determine. Site water chemistry and bacteria biology variability will affect the dose need to achieve the desired level of bacteria population control. For these reasons biocide dose response studies are commonly conducted on solutions containing bacteria to determine the effect of treatments before application.
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Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is currently stored in stainless steel dry storage canisters (DSCs) contained within concrete cask systems with passive ambient air cooling. These systems are emplaced, either horizontally or vertically, at independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), located at utility reactor sites. The ambient air introduces moisture, aerosolized salt particles, and dust to the canister surfaces. The composition of the aerosols depends on geographical factors, such as proximity to the ocean,industrial area, rural areas, and transportation corridors that use road salt for winterization.
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, can be converted into bio-oil (BO) via thermochemical conversion pathways. Among them, fast pyrolysis is the most common and the only industrially applied approach to convert dry biomass into BO. There are many advantages of using BO to replace traditional fossil fuels. For example, the amount of CO2 generated from biofuel combustion is close to that absorbed in raw biomass growth, leading to a net-zero carbon emission from energy production. BO combustion generates lower emissions of SOx and NOx compared to conventional fossil fuels.