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There is no doubt that Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) of steel reinforced concrete has, over the last decades, become a well-established technique for controlling reinforcement corrosion of structural elements. The expectation of long-life protection has, however, been somewhat reduced as some anode systems fail, monitoring equipment become antiquated, and lack of adequate maintenance makes the systems inoperable with the average service life of any ICCP system falling to 15-20 years.
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Sacrificial or Galvanic Anodes Cathodic Protection System is an excellent anticorrosion solution which offers to immerse structures a long-term protection. In TotalEnergies and in the Oil & Gas Industry in general, such system provides confidence, efficiency together with little maintenance over years which is a very good point for the subsea integrity of jackets (or pipelines) when knowing all other operational constraints or corrosion issues that can be met at the surface level.
Thus, from TotalEnergies experience, it has been established that as long as:1/ the CP system is correctly designed (taking into account the applied - or not - painting on the jacket) following the recognized international codes and standards (DNV RP-B-401, ISO 15589-2.
Embedded galvanic anodes designed to protect reinforcing steel in chloride-contaminated concrete adjacent to concrete “patch” repairs were developed in the late 1990’s. The original concrete anode was puck-shaped and consisted of high purity zinc encased in a mortar formulated with high porosity and lithium hydroxide to maintain a pH greater than 14 to keep the zinc active over the life of the anode. This approach of a high pH mortar around the zinc to prevent anode passivation is commonly referred to as alkali-activation.
This NACE standard presents guidelines for cathodic protection (CP) of reinforcing steel in buried or submerged concrete structures. These guidelines provide corrosion control personnel with information to control corrosion of conventional reinforcing steel in portland cement concrete structures through the application of CP. The guidelines presented in this standard are limited to CP systems for new or existing buried or submerged reinforced concrete elements.
Galvanic anodes have been used to provide various levels of corrosion protection to reinforced concrete structures for many years.