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A Two-Stage Cathodic Protection System Combining ICCP Components with Long-Term Galvanic Anode Steel Reinforcement Protection

Picture for A Two-Stage Cathodic Protection System Combining ICCP Components with Long-Term Galvanic Anode Steel Reinforcement Protection
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There is no doubt that Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) of steel reinforced concrete has, over the last decades, become a well-established technique for controlling reinforcement corrosion of structural elements. The expectation of long-life protection has, however, been somewhat reduced as some anode systems fail, monitoring equipment become antiquated, and lack of adequate maintenance makes the systems inoperable with the average service life of any ICCP system falling to 15-20 years.

Product Number: 51323-18868-SG
Author: David Whitmore, David Simpson, George Sergi
Publication Date: 2023
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$20.00
$20.00

Laboratory experiments established that corrosion of steel reinforcement can be arrested within relatively short periods if a sufficient cathodic current density higher than 20 mA/m2 is applied. After corrosion is
arrested, it is only necessary to maintain steel passivity longer-term by cathodic prevention, a process that requires a much-reduced current density. Once the two-stage principle was tested and established in the
laboratory, self-contained anodes were developed, each product comprising a battery-operated Impressed Current Cathodic Protection element and a galvanic anode component. A high initial current output substantially above 20 mA/m2 by area of steel is delivered over a period of weeks during which corrosion arrest is achieved. The galvanic anode components then deliver the lower cathodic prevention current long-term. This paper introduces the concept and principles of the technique, illustrates products
developed and presents medium-term field studies to demonstrate the success of the Two-Stage CP technique.


Laboratory experiments established that corrosion of steel reinforcement can be arrested within relatively short periods if a sufficient cathodic current density higher than 20 mA/m2 is applied. After corrosion is
arrested, it is only necessary to maintain steel passivity longer-term by cathodic prevention, a process that requires a much-reduced current density. Once the two-stage principle was tested and established in the
laboratory, self-contained anodes were developed, each product comprising a battery-operated Impressed Current Cathodic Protection element and a galvanic anode component. A high initial current output substantially above 20 mA/m2 by area of steel is delivered over a period of weeks during which corrosion arrest is achieved. The galvanic anode components then deliver the lower cathodic prevention current long-term. This paper introduces the concept and principles of the technique, illustrates products
developed and presents medium-term field studies to demonstrate the success of the Two-Stage CP technique.


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There are mainly two commonly adopted criteria for controlling CP. One is the polarized potential criterion and the other one is the polarization shift criterion1. These criteria are not the true criterion for cathodic protection; they are the surrogate criteria (see below). The polarized potential criterion is to control the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential within a specified range. For example, the instant-off potential should be between -0.85 and -1.2 V vs Cu/CuSO4 (VCSE) for pipelines buried in soil. The polarization shift criterion is to control the polarization of a CP-protected structure to a given minimum value and this minimum value is usually 100 mV. The polarization is determined either by the difference between the corrosion potential of the structure measured before CP is applied and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential, or by the difference between the depolarized potential of the structure and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential.
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AC Mitigation Design Considerations for Pipeline Facilities

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Author: Hycem Bahgat, Sorin Segall, Ernesto Gudino
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Product Number: 51323-19093-SG
Author: David Whitmore, David Simpson, George Sergi
Publication Date: 2023
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Galvanic anodes have been used to provide various levels of corrosion protection to reinforced concrete structures for many years.
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