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A Two-Stage Cathodic Protection System Combining ICCP Components with Long-Term Galvanic Anode Steel Reinforcement Protection

There is no doubt that Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) of steel reinforced concrete has, over the last decades, become a well-established technique for controlling reinforcement corrosion of structural elements. The expectation of long-life protection has, however, been somewhat reduced as some anode systems fail, monitoring equipment become antiquated, and lack of adequate maintenance makes the systems inoperable with the average service life of any ICCP system falling to 15-20 years.

Product Number: 51323-18868-SG
Author: David Whitmore, David Simpson, George Sergi
Publication Date: 2023
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Laboratory experiments established that corrosion of steel reinforcement can be arrested within relatively short periods if a sufficient cathodic current density higher than 20 mA/m2 is applied. After corrosion is
arrested, it is only necessary to maintain steel passivity longer-term by cathodic prevention, a process that requires a much-reduced current density. Once the two-stage principle was tested and established in the
laboratory, self-contained anodes were developed, each product comprising a battery-operated Impressed Current Cathodic Protection element and a galvanic anode component. A high initial current output substantially above 20 mA/m2 by area of steel is delivered over a period of weeks during which corrosion arrest is achieved. The galvanic anode components then deliver the lower cathodic prevention current long-term. This paper introduces the concept and principles of the technique, illustrates products
developed and presents medium-term field studies to demonstrate the success of the Two-Stage CP technique.


Laboratory experiments established that corrosion of steel reinforcement can be arrested within relatively short periods if a sufficient cathodic current density higher than 20 mA/m2 is applied. After corrosion is
arrested, it is only necessary to maintain steel passivity longer-term by cathodic prevention, a process that requires a much-reduced current density. Once the two-stage principle was tested and established in the
laboratory, self-contained anodes were developed, each product comprising a battery-operated Impressed Current Cathodic Protection element and a galvanic anode component. A high initial current output substantially above 20 mA/m2 by area of steel is delivered over a period of weeks during which corrosion arrest is achieved. The galvanic anode components then deliver the lower cathodic prevention current long-term. This paper introduces the concept and principles of the technique, illustrates products
developed and presents medium-term field studies to demonstrate the success of the Two-Stage CP technique.


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