Save 20% on select titles with code HIDDEN24 - Shop The Sale Now
Under-deposit corrosion is a common mode of failure in boiler tubes. Mechanisms include phosphate attack, caustic gouging, hydrogen damage, and wall thinning due to metal loss. Many aspects of these mechanisms and their mitigation are well-understood, while certain specific details remain uncertain or subject to controversy.
We are unable to complete this action. Please try again at a later time.
If this error continues to occur, please contact AMPP Customer Support for assistance.
Error Message:
Please login to use Standards Credits*
* AMPP Members receive Standards Credits in order to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store
You are not a Member.
AMPP Members enjoy many benefits, including Standards Credits which can be used to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store.
You can visit the Membership Page to learn about the benefits of membership.
You have previously purchased this item.
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store profile to find this item.
You do not have sufficient Standards Credits to claim this item.
Click on 'ADD TO CART' to purchase this item.
Your Standards Credit(s)
1
Remaining Credits
0
Please review your transaction.
Click on 'REDEEM' to use your Standards Credits to claim this item.
You have successfully redeemed:
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store Profile to find and download this item.
Creep is a continuous degradation of metal under applied stress at high temperature with critical factors of temperature, stress, type of material and exposure time. Most of our steam boilers and fired heaters tubes are operating within or sometimes operated slightly above the creep threshold temperature with an inherent potential risk of stress rupture if not being monitored properly. Traditionally, degradation rates (i.e., creep damage) of these components can only be assessed during shutdown through non-destructive testing (NDT) to determine the metallurgical conditions upon exposure to elevated temperatures.
The need for corrosion mitigation and repair is a perennial concern for a wide array of industries. An attractive evolution in coatings application for mitigating the effects of environmental/operational degradation is cold spray of metallic replacement layers. As cold spray technologies continue to become more commonplace, portable, low-pressure cold spray systems presents an opportunity to bring metallic repair to the field for heavily damaged or corroded assets.
Horizontal directional drills (HDD) have become an essential pipeline construction tool for crossing spans of the right of way with obstructions such as wetlands, rivers and streams, railroads, roads, businesses, and high consequence areas (HCA). This trenchless technology allows a pipeline to be installed without open cutting the ground. Prior to any construction, geological surveys with core samples are performed to determine the optimum route for the HDD (Figure 1).
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and other polymeric materials are used in many ways to reduce and manage corrosion damage for industrial, infrastructure and municipal applications. It is common practice to use the term “resin” for polymers in these materials. This paper uses polymer interchangeably with resin. This paper will also only consider glass fiber reinforcements.