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Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) in pipingc systems consumes a significant percent of the maintenance budget in the petrochemical industry. Prevention of CUI by the use of (1) thermal spray aluminum, (2) stainless steel pipe, (3) expanded metal cages for personnel protection instead of insulation and (4) aluminum foil wrapping are discussed in terms of long term protection, installed cost and Life cycle cost.
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This document captures the key components required to get Thermal spray aluminum (TSA) coating installed by material engineering, project design and execution. These execution details apply to any TSA and insulation system installation whether it is a new construction project or in-plant maintenance project.
Finance, workforce, and asset integrity are all major factors played in the global transition initiative from the use of the corrodible metallic materials to the long-lasting non-metallic materials such as the composites. The three monolithic materials, in other words, materials made up of a single type of blocks which are the metallic, ceramic, as well as the polymeric materials have been major fields of interest for centuries. However, a more recent field of promising materials has emerged and been recognized, which is the composite materials.
One of the pillars of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is to let machines make decisions on behalf of humans; this paper describes new technology that allows machines to decide inspection programs and field validation and testing of results. The technology described is a part of integrity management, and uses data, statistics and expert decisions to design inspection programs. These inspection programs are an important part of the safeguarding of equipment to maintain production and safety.This technology is a data-driven predictive model of material loss from corrosion, based on domain expert input and historical data in the form of non-destructive testing (NDT) tests. The technology trends is based on historical data and SME input, while accounting for uncertainties in NDT measurements, with uncertainties in historical trends and uncertainties in future trends. This produces a more realistic failure prediction to enhance existing RBIs and adds safety by improving on early detection of trends in data. In total, this enables the machine to update inspection plans autonomously, reducing the number of inspections significantly.The paper also describes how the technology can be developed further to use production data and integrity operating windows to improve predictions, deal with localised corrosion and assess if the test points on a corrosion circuit are sufficient, can be reduced in number or should be manually evaluated by adding more test points.
This standard practice is intended to provide guidance to those designing, fabricating, and/or maintaining refinery equipment and piping that are exposed to caustic environments.
Caustic is used in many petroleum refinery applications in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. Caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel (CS) equipment has been reported in industry since the 1930s, e.g., in riveted steam boilers. NACE has published guidance for handling sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the form of a “Caustic Service Chart” since at least the mid-1960s.
The sheer volume of piping systems, both insulated and non-insulated, is daunting. Companies, in order to deal with limited inspection resources, have resorted to risk-based strategies in order to prioritize inspection of such systems. By the time surfaces and systems are inspected, they often exhibit wall loss, or pitting corrosion on surfaces. Piping is only as strong as the wall thickness of the original design. When corrosion reduces wall thickness to a minimum required thickness for the given pressure, actions must be taken.
This standard establishes guidelines to prevent most forms of environmental cracking of weldments in carbon steel refinery equipment, including pressure vessels, heat exchangers, piping, valve bodies, and pump and compressor cases. Weldments are defined to include the weld deposit, base metal HAZ, and adjacent base metal zones subject to residual stresses from welding. It defines standard practices for producing weldments in P-No. 1 steels resistant to environmental cracking in corrosive petroleum refining environments. This standard is maintained by Task Group 326.
New in 2020! This standard presents accepted methods and practices regarding the use of cathodic protection (CP) for the control of external corrosion on buried or submerged carbon steel, stainless steel, gray cast iron, ductile cast iron, copper, and aluminum piping systems at nuclear power plants. This standard may be useful at facilities other than nuclear power plants that contain complex networks of buried or submerged piping, which may be composed of more than one material and may or may not be grounded.