AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'carbon steel'

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Influence of Experimental Injection Method on the Inhibition Efficiency of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the Line Corrosion Mitigation

Product Number: 51323-19452-SG

Author: Maryam Eslami, Marc Singer

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In oil and gas industry, during the transportation of wet gas with a stratified flow regime, the temperature difference between the fluid inside the pipelines and the surrounding environment leads to condensation of water on the upper internal surface and causes metal degradation. This phenomenon is known as Top-of-the-Line Corrosion or TLC.

The condensing phases can consist of not only water but also condensable hydrocarbons.

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Influence of Impurity Adsorption and Condensation on the Initial Corrosion Mechanism of CO2 Transport Pipeline Steel

Product Number: 51323-19066-SG

Author: Minghe Xu, Yoon-Seok Choi, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

CO2 captured from different sources for carbon capture and storage (CCS) will contain impurities. Although it is technologically possible to treat CO2 to near 100% purity in the gas conditioning process, it is preferable to have fewer rigid specifications to reduce both operational and capital costs. From a corrosion point of view, SOx, NOx, H2S, and O2 are considered to be the most aggressive impurities.

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Influence of Oxygen Diffusion Coefficients and Soil Moisture Content on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel

Product Number: MECC23-20174-SG

Author: Layan AlSharif; Mohammed Alshahrani; Abdulrahman Alqahtani; Hussam Attar; Othman Alolayan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Buried steel pipelines operating in soil environments are constantly under threat from corrosion, a phenomenon which jeopardizes their structural integrity and escalates the risk of material degradation, leakage, and subsequent environmental hazards. A holistic understanding of the corrosion process in soil environments is essential for strengthening infrastructural resilience and upholding environmental sustainability.

Corrosion of metals in soils is dictated by a complex confluence of several factors, including aeration, pH, moisture content, ionic composition, electrical resistivity, and microbial activity1.

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Influence of the Soil Moisture Level and Differential Aeration Cell on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel and Zinc Coated Steel

Product Number: 51324-20694-SG

Author: Erwan Diler; Philippe Verpoort; Souhail Amami; Ansbert De Cleene; Benoit Emo

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Soil is a complex media involving solid particles, gas and liquid phases. Among the many soil parameters influencing the corrosion rate, beyond the pH and resistivity, disregards the microbial activity, the moisture level and the related oxygen diffusion is usually pointed out as a key parameter. Depending on the soil texture and related ability to retain water, as well as the ground water level, differential aeration corrosion cells (DACC) might appear. Such phenomenon locally affects the corrosion rate and distribution by galvanic action. This phenomenon is particularly relevant for large metallic pieces such as buried pipes, tubular piles, and sheet piles. In this study, an experimental setup composed of 30 coupons in carbon steel or zinc coated steel was exposed in two different soils to a vertical gradient of moisture level. The setup allows measuring the corrosion potential and galvanic current of each coupon, before and after their interconnection. The obtained results highlight i) the influence of the moisture level and oxygen diffusion on the corrosion potential for both carbon steel and zinc, and ii) quantify the differential aeration corrosion cells. The results are compared to coupons exposed for 1 year in the same environment, with and without DACC.

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In-situ Study of Iron Carbonate Formation Kinetics and Pseudo-passivation of Carbon Steel in Aqueous CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51324-20667-SG

Author: Joshua Owen; Richard C. Woollam; Francois Ropital; Annette Kleppe; Sabrina Marcelin

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study introduces the design and implementation of a bespoke electrochemical flow cell in combination with in-situ Synchrotron Radiation-X-Ray Diffraction measurements (SR-XRD). The system enables high precision, real-time, in-situ measurements of iron carbonate (FeCO3) evolution on carbon steel in a flowing environment, as well as providing real-time, in-situ corrosion rate measurement through an integrated three-electrode cell. The custom cell is used to examine FeCO3 formation kinetics in a carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing aqueous environment, particularly in instances where the ‘pseudo-passivation’ phenomenon is reported to occur. Linear polarization resistance and anodic polarization measurements were performed in combination with the SR-XRD measurements to establish a detailed understanding of FeCO3 formation in real time and its relation to the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. It was observed that ‘pseudo-passivation’ occurred in conjunction with the growth of a highly protective FeCO3 layer under all conditions evaluated. Magnetite (Fe3O4), an oxide layer often attributed to the onset of ‘pseudo-passivation’, was not observed in these conditions, despite the high limits of detection of the technique.

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In-Situ Synthesis Of Corrosion Product-Polymer Composites On Carbon Steel For Enhanced Erosion-Corrosion Protection In CO2 Corrosion Environments

Product Number: 51322-17717-SG

Author: Dilshad Shaikhah, Bruce Cowe, Wassim Taleb, Anne Neville, Maalek Mohamed-Said, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Hydrocarbons still remain as a fundamental contributor towards meeting the worldwide demand for energy, despite the growth of other alternative sources such as renewable and nuclear options. Due to low cost and availability, carbon steel, remains as the most commonly used material for pipelines in down and upstream activities within the oil and gas industry. However, carbon steel is not an exceptional metal alloy from the perspective of internal corrosion resistance. The economical cost for its degradation and related failures represent 10% to 30% of the maintenance budget in petroleum industry. It is therefore crucial that the corrosion of such a susceptible steel is managed and controlled accordingly.

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Investigating The Effect Of H2S And Corrosion Inhibitor On The Corrosion Of Mild Steel Under High Pressure CO2 Conditions

Product Number: 51322-17943-SG

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi, Fernando Farelas, Luciano Paolinelli, Ahmad Zaki B Abas, Azmi Mohammed Nor, Muhammad Firdaus Suhor

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the corrosion behavior of carbon steels in supercritical CO₂ conditions. Unlike the case of carbon capture and storage (CCS) where small amounts of water are present, the exploitation of fields with high pressures of CO₂ needs to consider the presence of formation water, which presents strong corrosivity. It has been reported that the aqueous corrosion rate of carbon steel at high CO₂ pressures (liquid and supercritical CO₂) without protective FeCO₃ corrosion product layers is very high (>20 mm/y) due to the high concentrations of corrosive species such as H⁺ and H₂CO_³.^1-5 Steels with low Cr contents (i.e., 1% Cr and 3% Cr) have shown no beneficial effect in terms of reducing the corrosion rate to admissible values.6 Therefore, controlling corrosion in these cases usually involves the use of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) or corrosion inhibitors (CI). Adequate protection of carbon steel was achieved by applying CI in high pressure CO₂ environments.⁶

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Laboratory Studies Related To External Corrosion Of Hanford’S Double-Shell Tanks In Contact With Concrete Liner

Product Number: 51321-16576-SG

Author: K.J. Evans/ S. Chawla/ K.M. Sherer/ B.C. Rollins/ J.A. Beavers/ N. Sridhar/ T.J. Venetz/ N.M. Young/ C.L. Girardot

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Limpeza por Jateamento Abrasivo Úmido de Metal Branco

Product Number: SSPC-SP 5 (WAB)-2015-NACE WAB-1-2015-Portuguese

Publication Date: 2015

$179.00

Esta norma conjunta da SSPC/NACE define o processo de preparação de uma superfície de aço-carbono ao grau de metal branco de limpeza superficial usando um método de jateamento abrasivo úmido (WAB) de limpeza. Esta norma destina-se ao uso por especificadores, aplicadores e inspetores de revestimentos ou outros cuja responsabilidade seja definir um grau padrão de limpeza superficial para superfícies de aço-carbono a ser alcançada por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo úmido.

A limpeza WAB é um processo que usa uma mistura de água e abrasivo que pode produzir diversos níveis de limpeza e perfil (aspereza) superficial similar aqueles obtidos por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo seco (DAB). A limpeza WAB pode ser especificada quando se deseja supressão de pó, e também pode ser um meio de reduzir a contaminação por sais solúveis. O nível de limpeza WAB especificado deve ser o mesmo que o grau de limpeza especificado correspondente para o processo de limpeza DAB.

Limpeza por Jateamento Abrasivo Úmido de Metal Quase-branco

Product Number: SSPC-SP 10 (WAB)-2015-NACE WAB-2-2015-Portuguese

Publication Date: 2015

$179.00

Esta norma conjunta da SSPC/NACE define o processo de preparação de uma superfície de aço-carbono ao grau de metal quase-branco de limpeza superficial usando um método de jateamento abrasivo úmido (WAB) de limpeza. Esta norma destina-se ao uso por especificadores, aplicadores e inspetores de revestimentos ou outros cuja responsabilidade seja definir um grau padrão de limpeza superficial para superfícies de aço-carbono a ser alcançada por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo úmido.

A limpeza WAB é um processo que usa uma mistura de água e abrasivo que pode produzir diversos níveis de limpeza e perfil (aspereza) superficial similar aqueles obtidos por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo seco (DAB). A limpeza WAB pode ser especificada quando se deseja supressão de pó, e também pode ser um meio de reduzir a contaminação por sais solúveis. O nível de limpeza WAB especificado deve ser o mesmo que o grau de limpeza especificado correspondente para o processo de limpeza DAB.

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Localized Corrosion on Coating Damaged Surface of Automotive Suspension Coil Springs

Product Number: 51317--9152-SG

ISBN: 9152 2017 CP

Author: Yugo Ashida

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This study focuses on a better understanding of pitting and crevice corrosion on coating surface damaged carbon steels in automotive applications. Immersion and cyclic polarization tests were conducted on bare and coated metals in a 5% NaCl solution.

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Modelling Electrolytic Hydrofluoric Acid In The Fractionation Phase Change Corrosion Zone Of HF Alkylation Units

Product Number: 51322-17520-SG

Author: Andy C. Gysbers, J. Tim Korstanje, Michael S. Cayard, Peiming Wang, Ezequiel Vincent

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used as a catalyst in the alkylation process to react isobutane with olefin feeds to manufacture a high octane alkylate product used in gasoline blending. The HF catalyst is added in its anhydrous liquid form (< 400 ppmw H₂O) but as it circulates in the reaction system, residual water in the Paper No. 17520 liquid hydrocarbon feed is absorbed by the acid such that the circulating reaction acid builds up a small percentage (0.5 to 2.0 mass%) of water. This water/HF mixture is also referred to as rich HF (RHF). In addition, the alkylation reactions also will generate fluorocarbons and acid soluble oils (ASOs).

Products tagged with 'carbon steel'

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