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This AMPP standard establishes a standard test procedure for pack bed carburization of alloys used for ethylene manufacture. The pack bed carburization procedure is specified in this standard because it is simple to perform. The test specimen geometry chosen reflects the intent of the procedure to be used for evaluation of carburization of furnace tube alloys intended for ethylene manufacture.
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Carbon steels and low alloy steels are the workhorse of several industries where properties such as strength, fracture toughness and weldability play a key role. In addition to these properties, carbon steels are also the most cost effective materials is several applications. Of particular interest is the API 5L X65 which is widely used in oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a failure mechanism that occurs in susceptible materials exposed to a corrosive environment and submitted to tensile stress above a certain threshold. In the presence of these combined factors, SCC can occur and potentially lead to the failure of an asset. This failure mechanism has been widely reported in several susceptible alloys of carbon steel, making SCC a considerable threat for pipelines in contact with corrosive soil.
Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) well tubulars are favorable due to their high strength and relatively low cost and are therefore widely applied in the Oil & Gas industry. This is especially the case for 13Cr and Super13Cr grades, which are often selected for mildly sour gas fields, where a relatively low content of H2S is present. When selecting martensitic stainless steels for sour service, the susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), determined by standard laboratory tests, are the most important selection criteria.
检测、修补和缓解炼厂压力容器在湿H2S环境下发生开裂的
DOWNLOADABLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Detection, repair, and mitigation of cracking of carbon steel pressure vessels, including columns, heat exchangers, drums, reboilers & separators in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments.
1.1 This standard is intended to be a primary source of information on cracking in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments. Historical Document 1995
Cracking in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments and…guidelines on the detection, repair, and mitigation of cracking of existing carbon steel refinery pressure vessels in wet H2S environments. Historical Document 2000
A weld hardness limitation to prevent in-service cracking of welds on P-1 steel equipment used in the refining industry. Factors related to such cracking: Corrosive environment. Hardness. Total stress. Historical Document 1976
Guidelines to prevent in-service cracking of welds on P-1 steel equipment….factors… (1) corrosive environment, (2) hardness, and (3) total stress. Historical Document 1987
Guidelines to prevent environmental cracking of weldments in carbon steel refinery equipment and piping. Welding processes: SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW and SAW.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Cracking in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments. Detection, repair, and mitigation of cracking of existing carbon steel refinery equipment.