AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'cracking'

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Assessing the Influence of Coating Thickness on its Mechanically Induced Loss of Integrity

Product Number: 51317--9294-SG

ISBN: 9294 2017 CP

Author: Shyama Ranade

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A new method for in situ measurement of loss of coating integrity. Tensile samples with pipeline coatings of thicknesses from 250 to 2000 μm were subjected to tensile elongation, electrochemical impedance measured before and after. Confirmed with techniques such as optical microscopy.

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Basics of Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete

Product Number: 41215-897-SG

Author: Fred Goodwin, Frank Apicella

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Concrete is the second most common man-made material after potable water, yet it is a complex material that is poorly understood. Steel reinforcement is added to improve the concrete's tensile strength and ductility and is initially protected by the high concrete pH and depth of cover concrete. Eventually, due to the ingress of deleterious ions, lowering of the pH from carbonation, or electrical potential changes within the steel, corrosion will occur.

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Case Study on the Failure of Duplex Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger from Thermal Shock

Product Number: 51324-20923-SG

Author: Immad Ovais Rohela; Yasar Irshad; Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Shell & tube heat exchangers are prone to degradation from corrosion and fouling. Recent advents in the industry recommend the use of corrosion-resistant alloys to reduce failure risks. This paper addresses the case study on the two different failure incidents of a formic acid heat exchanger (material: SS 316L, UNS S31603) that failed due to the corrosivity of the service which was followed by the material upgrade to super duplex SS Grade (UNS S32750). The exchanger later failed due to unanticipated cracks at the tube-tube sheet weld joints. The study investigates the root cause(s) behind the failures in light of inspection findings, operating history, and a review of the material’s mechanical and metallurgical properties. This study also recommends mitigative measures to avoid such failure events.

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COATING CONCRETE AFTER 28 DAYS . . Why There Is No Magic In This Number

Product Number: 51218-134-SG

Author: Randy A. Nixon

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper will discuss the many factors affecting the timing for concrete shrinkage (and related cracking) as well as the rate of loss of excess moisture which are not reliant on 28 days of concrete cure time. In addition, case histories will be presented evidencing successful coating applications on concrete well before 28 days of cure time versus coating problems experienced well beyond 28 days of concrete cure.

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Coatings Cracking in Water Ballast Tanks: A Different Look

Product Number: 51317--9088-SG

ISBN: 9088 2017 CP

Author: Carl Reed

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Mechanisms of corrosion and cathodic delamination resulting from the cracking of paint in a water ballast tank environment and what may be expected in the corrosive environment. This will be based on the concept of a thermodynamic barrier existing at the coating/steel interface.

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Corrosion Behavior of High-Alloy Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Environment

Product Number: 51317--9280-SG

ISBN: 9280 2017 CP

Author: Sigrun Karlsdottir

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Drilling deeper geothermal wells to obtain more energy output per well with higher temperature and pressure and increased corrosiveness. Testing was done in simulated geothermal environment at 180°C and 350°C with a pressure of 10 bar. On high alloy austenitic stainless steel UNS S31254.

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Effect of H2S on the Corrosion and Cracking Behavior of Welded API 5L X65 Steel in Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51321-16407-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect Of H2S On The Performance Of Welded 13% Cr Steel In Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51322-17886-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon steels such as API 5L X65 are widely used oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service. However, these steels tend to corrode in the presence of wet CO2 and corrosion is more pronounced in the presence of dissolved salts and acids. Other metals, alloys and polymers also degrade in the presence of high pressure gaseous and supercritical CO2. The corrosion rate of carbon steels in some aqueous environments have been reported to be more than a few millimeters per year.9-10 The situation could be further exacerbated by H2S where cracking can be an issue for high strength steels.

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Evaluation of Coatings for High-Temperature Process Vessel Applications

Product Number: 51324-20612-SG

Author: Bing Yuan; Muni Ramakrishnan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Offshore process vessels of the oil/gas industry operate at high temperatures and sometimes high pressure. Protective coatings designed for high-temperature vessels need to withstand very high temperatures, e.g., higher than 200°C (392oF). The evaluation and determination of their fitness for use at such high-temperature conditions are challenging. In this paper, we demonstrated the use of multiple analytical methods (DMA, DSC, Dilatometer) in the investigation and characterization of structure stabilities of protective coatings in high temperature environment. We analyzed 3 coating samples by DMA with temperature ramping, thermal cycling experiments and thermal stress test. The results of DMA, combined with that from DSC, Dilatometer and mechanical tests provided us deep understanding of high temperature properties of the 3 coating samples. The study also explained the cause of cracking failures of 2 of the samples at different high temperature conditions. The methodology of this paper provides a good way to guide future development work and failure root cause analysis of protective coatings for high temperature applications.

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Failure On Heater Treater Tubes - Case Study

Product Number: 51322-17586-SG

Author: Roxanna Alvarez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Heater Treaters are designed for the removal of emulsifies and unwanted salts from crude oil. They purpose is to facilitate the oil and water separation by breaking emulsions by means of increasing the temperature of the oil, reducing its density and viscosity. A heater treater is a 3-phase separator vessel, equipped with fire tubes, that utilizes heat and mechanical separation devices to facilitate the separation of oil-water emulsions.

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Finite Element Study on a Structural Steel Detail Susceptible to Hot-Dip Galvanizing Crackin

Product Number: 51217-086-SG

Author: Kien Nguyen

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Steel structures are often galvanized to ensure durability in harsh environments. However, on occasion, incidents of cracking have occurred in galvanized structures that appear to be induced during the galvanizing process. Such cracking incidences produce a significant cost to the industry, in that repair procedures are often necessary to eliminate any flaws present directly after galvanizing.

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Forms of Corrosion-Recognition and Prevention: NACE Handbook 1, Volume 1 (e-Book)

Product Number: 37531-E

ISBN: 0915567873

Author: Edited by C.P. Dillon

Publication Date: 1982

$105.00

Case histories & illustrations of specific forms of corrosion. General, localized & galvanic corrosion, environmental cracking, erosion-corrosion, cavitation & fretting. Intergranular corrosion, dealloying & high-temperature corrosion. 1982 NACE

Products tagged with 'cracking'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance