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Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) is widely used for downhole production tubing and liners in the Oil & Gas industry. Optimization of the tubular material chemistry, cleanliness and manufacturing route has delivered useful performance in H2S-containing environments (specifically SSC and stress corrosion cracking [SCC])3 resistance4,5,6. Some tubular accessories and most completion equipment require sizes not readily delivered by tubular product form. In these instances, bar stock material is a pragmatic choice.
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Metallic material requirements for resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flowline equipment and field processing facilities to be used in hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-bearing hydrocarbon service. Historical Document 2000
Metallic material requirements to provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and/or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flow line equipment in H2S service. Historical document 2003
UNS N07718 (Alloy 718) is a precipitation-hardened Nickel alloy widely used for various components in oil and gas production service where a combination of high strength, good cracking and corrosion resistance is needed. API 6ACRA provides heat treatment windows and acceptance criteria for wrought Alloy 718 in these oil and gas production environments, in which the heat treatment is intended to obtain high strength desired for applications in combination with good environmental performance.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is increasingly becoming a source of design, fabrication of complex components where machining from wrought material would be very cumbersome or introduced complicated welding processes.
This paper reviews a theoretical background of buffer solutions for stainless steel oil country tubular goods materials at laboratory corrosion test, and then the concept is applied to NACE-TM0177-based solution and modified solutions.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) organic coatings have been widely used in the oil and gas industry for more than 50 years for internal and external pipeline applications, as they have been proven to efficiently provide good pipeline corrosion protection for many years. As demand for oil increases leading oil and gas companies to expand operations and venture into fields and depths more severe than ever before, there is an expectation for FBE coatings to also evolve in order to meet these new corrosion challenges[1]. One main challenge in the selection of FBE coatings, is the qualification of organic coatings that can handle sweet and sour services at high pressures in NaCl and MEG media [2].
Mechanism, prediction, monitoring and control of CO2 and H2S metal loss corrosion. Papers that reviewed the subject in 2006 and 2015, with the objective of reorienting research and development. 2017 downloadable NACE E-BOOK
The total project study focused on six suction and discharge drums. Each of them was built with twohemispherical heads and a number of shells. The H2S service and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) from this specific oil and gas field required the equipment to be cladded with Alloy 825 to protect them from corrosion.
This paper details challenges of high pressure sour gas projects with high salinity and provides cases of field history, explanation regarding material selection framework and technical challenges during the design, execution and operating phases of sour service projects.
The perforated polymer-lined pipeline (PLP) is a rigid carbon steel pipeline with internal polymer liner for internal corrosion prevention. The liner is perforated to prevent liner collapse during depressurization. Although the perforations expose the carbon steel to the corrosion fluids within the bore of the pipeline, extensive small-scale and full-scale tests have demonstrated that corrosion at the bottom of each perforation is much less than the corrosion in an un-lined carbon steel pipeline. Based on experience gained on the evaluation and modelling of corrosion in the highly confined environments of flexible pipelines, we have developed a corrosion model to simulate carbon steel corrosion rates corresponding to the perforated PLP system geometry. Predictions from this model could help evaluate corrosion risks at and within perforated liner / steel interfaces. This paper presents an overview of the model and compares its predictions against a variety of experimental data that reproduce the conditions, the geometry, or both, found at the bottom of a PLP perforation. This 1D model considers diffusion and chemical reactions inside an inert hole and incorporates non-ideal thermodynamics (i.e., gas fugacity effects) to describe the aqueous solution chemistry. Electrochemical corrosion equations are compared with experimental data to support validation. This model could serve as a useful tool that complements qualification testing and help validate the PLP technology for a variety of field applications.