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Picture for Design Challenges for Material Selection in Sour and High Salinity Gas and Oil Production Facilites
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Design Challenges for Material Selection in Sour and High Salinity Gas and Oil Production Facilites

Product Number: 51317--9244-SG
ISBN: 9244 2017 CP
Author: Pedro Rincon
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper addresses the challenges to provide example of engineering solutions through the use of corrosion resistant alloys and non metallic materials to maintain the integrity of flowlines and process equipment in severe sour service.
Picture for Determination of the Acceptability Conditions for a Safe Use of Alloys UNS S32750 Through SSRT Screening
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Determination of the Acceptability Conditions for a Safe Use of Alloys UNS S32750 Through SSRT Screening

Product Number: 51321-16322-SG
Author: Vincent Duquesnes/Christophe Mendibide/Wenle He/Raveendra Siriki
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Development of Sucker Rods for Aggressive Environments
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Development of Sucker Rods for Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51317--8944-SG
ISBN: 8944 2017 CP
Author: Martin Buhler
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

A Cr-Mo-B-Ti low alloyed steel, with a special quenched and tempered heat treatment, was designed. Corrosion fatigue resistance of the new material was evaluated at lab scale. Field tests are being carried out in 26 wells where sucker rods had failed for years.
Picture for Distribution of Corrosion Attacks in Sour Pipelines – A Parametric Study
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Distribution of Corrosion Attacks in Sour Pipelines – A Parametric Study

Product Number: 51323-18981-SG
Author: Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Layan AlSharif, Faisal Abbas, Christian Canto Maya
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

In pipeline corrosion management practice, one challenge is how to locate the most corrosive area along the right-of-way of an existing pipeline. Pipeline networks are complex systems containing different grades of multiphase crude oil coming from dissimilar reservoirs, which results in fluids having dissimilar chemical and physical properties along each network. The fluid starts flowing into a pipeline at a certain pressure, temperature, and associated velocity.
Picture for Effect Of H2S On CO2 Corrosion Of Mild Steel In HPHT Conditions
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Effect Of H2S On CO2 Corrosion Of Mild Steel In HPHT Conditions

Product Number: 51321-16622-SG
Author: Yoon-Seok Choi/ Fernando Farelas/ Luciano Paolinelli/ Srdjan Nesic/ Ahmad Zaki B Abas/ Azmi Mohammed Nor/ Muhammad Firdaus Suhor
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Effect of Pre-pits on Localized Corrosion and Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32205 in Upstream Production Environments
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Effect of Pre-pits on Localized Corrosion and Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32205 in Upstream Production Environments

Product Number: 51324-21031-SG
Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan; V.T. Aruna; Marc E. Wilms; Navashree Surendran
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Components in upstream Oil and Gas production such as flowlines, storage vessels or injector pipelines which are made of duplex stainless steel UNS S32205 can undergo localized corrosion such as pitting or crevice corrosion when exposed to oxygen during shutdowns or turn arounds. Such unintended exposure to oxygen is related to poor maintenance or improper preservation and would normally require replacement of equipment. Further use of such pitted components can be considered but requires re-assessment of the pre-corroded material. Open-circuit Potential (OCP) and repassivation potentials (Erp) were measured on UNS S32205 in simulated flowline brines containing 150,000 mg/L Cl- at 110oC with pCO2 of 4.1 bara. The effect of pre-pits on bare and girth welded UNS S32205 was determined by creating artificial pits at OCP under oxygenated brine conditions and then switching the gaseous environment to sweet (CO2) conditions with continuous OCP monitoring. It was found that in oxygen-free CO2 production environments, existing pits did not grow. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance of pre-pitted solution annealed UNS S32205 specimens was determined through Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) and Ripple Load Testing (RLT) at 90oC in concentrated chloride solutions. An electrochemical method was applied to create a single pit on the gauge surface. Comparison of SSRT and RLT results showed that SSRT is too aggressive for determining the pH2S limits. RLT of both pristine and pre-pitted UNS S32205 in concentrated chlorides with up to 0.3 bara pH2S did not show rupture, while selective attack of the ferrite phase was found (pit-depth < 30µm). RLT of notched UNS S32205 specimens were compared to that of pre-pitted specimens. Implications of these results on the limits recommended in ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 are discussed.
Picture for Effect of Temperature on Iron Sulfide Formation and Transformation on Steel Surface
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Effect of Temperature on Iron Sulfide Formation and Transformation on Steel Surface

Product Number: MECC23-19971-SG
Author: Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Faisal Abbas, Omar Al-Saif, Layan AlSharif, Muthukumar Nagu, Christian Canto Maya
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

In sour (H2S) corrosion systems, a small amount of H2S can retard the general CO2 corrosion rate of carbon steel by forming a passive iron sulfide (FeS) layer [1], [2]. Environmental factors dictate the formation of protective or partially protective FeS layers on carbon steel surfaces. High H2S levels often result in stable films that reduce the corrosion rate, contingent upon the maintenance of the sulfide layer [2]. Conversely, in slightly sour systems, which initially form mackinawite (FeS) [3], the system has the potential to cause pitting and extremely high localized corrosion rates [2].
Picture for Effect of the Austenite Spacing in Duplex Stainless Steel on the Sour Cracking Resistance
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Effect of the Austenite Spacing in Duplex Stainless Steel on the Sour Cracking Resistance

Product Number: 51324-20655-SG
Author: Christophe Mendibide; Matthieu Regniere
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
This paper presents the results of a study aiming at evaluating the effect of austenite spacing on the sour cracking resistance of a duplex stainless steel. The stress corrosion cracking resistance was assessed using slow strain rate (SSRT) and constant load tests. Under SSRT, a clear effect of the austenite spacing is observed. Above a threshold spacing, the pH-pH2S acceptability domains are smaller as the austenite spacing increases. This effect is however not seen under constant load at 90% of the actual yield strength, suggesting that a dynamic straining or a large plastic strain is needed to highlight the effect of this parameter.
Electrochemical and Morphological Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of C1018 in a Subcritical and Supercritical CO2 Environment with Presence of H2S
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Electrochemical And Morphological Investigation Of Corrosion Behavior Of Carbon Steel In A Supercritical CO2 Environment With Presence Of H2S.

Product Number: 51322-18005-SG
Author: Yuan Ding, Chin-Hua “Jim” Cheng, Raymundo Case
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Supercritical CO2 storage has been gaining more attention due to its wider application. It is one of the desirable solutions for reducing CO2 emission, which is an important contributor to the global climate crisis. In other cases, some of the early applications were focused on the oil and gas industry, by using supercritical CO2 to sequence the mature wells for better production [1],[2]. In those environments, C1018 carbon steel was extensively used, due to its good balance of toughness, strength, and ductility as well as its excellent weldability. 
Picture for Electrochemical Model of Sour Corrosion of Mild Steel - Validation at High H2S Partial Pressures
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Electrochemical Model of Sour Corrosion of Mild Steel - Validation at High H2S Partial Pressures

Product Number: 51317--9098-SG
ISBN: 9098 2017 CP
Author: Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

H2S corrosion mechanisms, specifically at high partial pressures of H2S (pH2S), have not been extensively studied because of experimental difficulties and associated safety issues. The current study was conducted under well-controlled conditions at pH2S of 0.05 and 0.096 MPa.
Picture for Electrochemistry of Mackinawite Electrodes in Sour Aqueous Solutions
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Electrochemistry of Mackinawite Electrodes in Sour Aqueous Solutions

Product Number: 51317--9319-SG
ISBN: 9319 2017 CP
Author: Morten Tjelta|
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

The main objective was to obtain current-potential relations for iron sulfides which can be taken into a modelling framework, thereby allowing the estimation of the galvanic coupling between carbon steel and iron sulfides under different environmental conditions.
Picture for Factors Affecting Vapor Phase H2S Concentrations in Asphalt and Mitigation via Scavengers
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Factors Affecting Vapor Phase H2S Concentrations in Asphalt and Mitigation via Scavengers

Product Number: 51317--9449-SG
ISBN: 9449 2017 CP
Author: Kyle Cattanach
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This work will examine and document the conditions that influence the phenomena of H2S generation, and generate quantitative data on the H2S removal performance of the oil soluble fully dispersible transition metal chemistry based H2S scavenger product line.
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